国内朋友请使用翻译软件阅读本文 (http://translate.google.com.hk/?hl=en&tab=wT#enzh-CN)。
*** Our weekly Station Mail is for the information of Station Members only, but Station Mail has given up copyright & can be freely circulated. For administrative reasons, comments from outsiders are usually not entertained & may be circulated within our system locally & overseas. Please note Station Mail is sometimes given in Blog at http://isahkchina.blogspot.com , although images are usually not attached due to size. ***
Dear Station Members, Media Friends & Public,
ISA HK/China is very pleased to inform you that the President / Station Manager (SM) Mr. Sammy Au has just passed to become the first Board Certified Master Arborist (BCMA) of ISA in Asia. He is now the only Chinese in the world to possess both the Registered Consulting Arborist (RCA#497, http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html) & BCMA credentials currently. Both credentials are "International", not "National", "City" level or that of a local University. They have high respect & credibility around the world.
The BCMA is a giant leap from the Certified Arborist (CA), or the Municipal Arborist (MA) credential. The entry requirement itself is strict enough. The candidate is required 8 points from the years of experience as CA, or from possessing other credentials. Please refer to www.isa-arbor.com & look under "Certification" for further details.
Unlike the CA & MA, there is no "Study Guide" for BCMA. The recommended study materials consist of 90+ books, journals & websites. The SM found out that approximately 1-2 questions would come out from each book, website or journal. That means the candidate has to study all to try to pass. Failing below the 75% passing mark would mean a full re-take of the BCMA exam & not "Domains". Coupling that the candidate does not know whether he has scored correctly for the same question any time, he must maintain a very sound mind to insist on the right choice. It is amidst this suspicion & confusion, that the candidate has to make up his mind to find the correct answer. This may be why among the 25,000+ CA in ISA, only 340 no. of BCMA have made it to BCMA up to date. BCMA is indeed the "Creme de la Creme" of ISA Arborists.
Whereas in HK the Arboriculture appears to lob-side to Tree Risk Assessment only due to political reasons, the BCMA asks for a balanced testing of all 19 domains in Arboriculture from Tree Biology, IPM to Tree Laws. Several topics like Plant Appraisal & Inventory Management are new to candidates in our territory. Most of our CA's have been busy scrambling for Risk Assessment only to receive work & income. In this manner, they would find it very difficult in taking the BCMA exam, even if they are allowed. Proper Arboriculture is not just all about Tree Risk Assessment. Besides, you have to possess a wide scope of knowledge in Arboriculture under practice, before you should really go in for Tree Risk Assessment. Taking a crash course & collect some easy title won't do, because Mother Nature Makes the Rules.
The BCMA test consists of 165 computer questions in 4 hours, in which only 150 questions are graded. The SM used up pretty well all the given time because of the complexity of the questions. All questions are scenario based, apparently taken out from working situation to collect a response from the candidate. Only the best & most appropriate answer is accepted. The wordings in the questions can be tricky & misleading, similar to a genuine working environment. It's up to the candidate to identify the cause, & decide upon what best to do. After answering about 100 questions under heavy brain storm, fatigue would set in. The candidate would then need to persist with determination to the end. Giving it up to the element of chancing can be an easy option. It is not known that a BCMA has passed his exam by luck.
As both the RCA & BCMA are world-recognized titles in the Arborist Profession, some may ask the SM that which one is higher. The SM would say that it is wrong to compare them. In his opinion, the BCMA is testing for knowledge & experience, whereas the RCA appears to focus more on communication & forensics. The two would compliment each other in giving a good job, not competing. It is always best to have both. A competent Arboricultural Consultant would need to identify the issue, formulate a solution & then communicate effectively to his client for his recommendation. Missing out on any step would be like racing with just one leg.
The respect & competency of an organization would depend on the quality & ability of its leading members. Now ISA HK/China has already elevated itself to join the "World Club" in Arborist Profession. We have become an authority in knowledge & credibility in our territory of HK, Macau, Taiwan & China. This will give us a great edge to enter China to face their many "Professors", "PhDs" & "National" titles. We are now more confident than ever to take ISA there.
ISA HK/China would like to see more BCMA & RCA emerge in our territory, after the SM has become the first guinea pig to test things out. We have proven that we are just able as anyone else around the world to achieve the highest titles. Our locals should also be confident on themselves.
Shall we count from now when the next BCMA or RCA will appear after the SM?
best regards,
Sammy Au
President / Station Manager
Registered Consulting Arborist no. RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
ISA Board Certified Master Arborist / Certified Tree Worker no. HK-0174BT (www.isa-arbor.com)
Independent Practicing Arborist no. IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-hk-tree-news-14410-report.html)
"Providing treatment without in-depth diagnosis & research support is professional misconduct. "
"Casual tree assessor delivers wanton tree assessment. Mother Nature makes the rules."
各位会员及朋友们：
本分会非常高兴告诉各位，本分会会长欧永森先生，已刚考获国际树木学会里的最高荣誉 --- "资深树艺师" (BCMA) 牌照，成为亚洲和澳洲地区内的第一人；他也是目前世界上唯一一位同时拥有 "顾问树艺师" (RCA, http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html) 和 "资深树艺师" (BCMA) 牌照 的中国人，令本分会步进国际殿堂。
有关考取 BCMA牌照 的条件和方法，请参照 www.isa-arbor.com .
BCMA 和 RCA 同时是 "国际" 级牌照，并非 "国立"、"省" 或 "市" 级别的牌照，具有崇高的公信力。所有的 "资深树艺师" 都是经过千锤百练，通过国际考试才毕业出来，当中完全没有腐败或侥幸的成份，他的能力是完全值得尊敬和信任。
现本分会已经升格到国际水平，有能力与海外专家平分秋色，也用行为令国人作出自豪，相信并非 '外来的和尚才会念经' ，为本地区一洗过往颓气。
希望各位继续支持本分会，在日后能共创佳绩。
此致
国际树木学会 中国地区分会 会长
欧永森
顾问树艺师号 RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
资深树艺师 / 注册攀树师号 HK-0174BT (www.isa-arbor.com)
独立执业树艺师号 IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-tree-news-14410-report.html)
“不深入诊断和参照研究来批出处方，是专业失当。”
“速成出来的树木评估员，只会作出胡乱的树木评估。大自然会决定成败。”
Monday, March 21, 2011
Monday, March 14, 2011
ISA HK/China ---ISA International Society in Sydney, July 23 - 27, 2011
Dear Station Members,
It's time to send another reminder to all of you for attending the ISA International Conference in Sydney, Jul 23-27, 2011.
The Sydney Conference is the closet to our territory so far & it is packed with excellent education & exposure. Besides the Workshops, there is a Trade Show, many Educational Seminars, & a Edu-tour which fits anyone working in the Greenery Industry to see how Arboriculture & Greenery have developed in this magnificent city. Many of you as Tree Climbers may want to compare your skills at the International Tree Climbing Competition. KW Lee & SY Ho, former pupils of the Station Manager, will be competing in the ITCC events for the first time from our territory. Some of you may even decide to bring an empty suitcase like the Station Manager, to fill it up at the Trade Show with the latest gears to save tremendous shipping cost home.
The Educational Seminars will provide CEU, for which some of our Certified Arborists (CA) would need for their re-certification. Some of you complained that ISA HK/China cannot organize enough CEU locally. Now is your time to get them all in Sydney. Besides, you would need the CEU & Conference Attendance to go for our local Qualified Arborist (QA) (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/09/isa-hkchina-qualified-arborist-qa.html) credential. From enquiries received in the past, these two elements appear to the only outstanding requirement for most, & now is the time to get them.
On Jul 27, there will be an Edu-tour organized by the Conference to visit the Tree Planting & Landscaping around Sydney. This is a popular event, as experts will come along to explain & answer the various aspects of the greenery development in various locations. This is something that an ordinary visitor cannot get if going on his own. Besides, this will be an excellent opportunity for networking with international counterparts, as many joining will be from other parts of the world.
By now, the Conference Hotel of Sebel is already full. ISA HK/China has checked the air-ticket supply locally, & it is getting tight form HK to Sydney around Jul 22. All ISA HK/China staff & prominent Tree Climbers of our territory will be going to the Sydney Conference. ISA HK/China will pick a time & spot on Sunday July 24 in the ITCC event location for a group photo to show our participation in this very worthwhile occasion. All ISA HK/China Members & visitors from our territory are welcomed to take part for good memory.
So, while you are thinking, the places are going fast. If you miss the boat this time, the next conference will be far, far away with extensive travel & jetlag. So what's the hesitation?
See you all in Sydney soon.
best regards,
Sammy Au
President / Station Manager
Registered Consulting Arborist no. RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
Independent Practicing Arborist no. IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-hk-tree-news-14410-report.html)
ISA Certified Arborist / Certified Tree Worker no. HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
各位会员 :
现在我想再提醒大家， 记得出席今年7月23号至27号在澳洲悉尼举行的ISA国际会议。
这个会议是历来最接近我们的， 同时它还提供了良好学习及交流的机会。 除了工作坊外，还有展览会， 很多学术性研讨会及教育性的考察行程，都是很适合绿化行业人士认识一下这个宏伟城市的树艺及绿化发展。 你们当中有很多是攀树师的，可能想在国际攀树比赛中一显身手。 我的两名前学生将会参与这项国际赛事，这是本分会地区第一次参加国际比賽。你们有些人甚至可以和我一样，携带一个全空的手提箱去带回展览会出售最新款的工具器材， 这可省回寄运费用呢。
需要持续专业资格的 “注册树艺师”，可透过参与是次学会性研讨会获取学分。曾经有些会员投诉，本分会在香港没有举办足够活动使他们获取学分。 现在是他们最好的机会到悉尼获取所需的学分。 还有你们需要学分及出席会议资历去申请本分会的 “认可树艺师” (QA) (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/09isa-hkchina-qualified-arborist-qa.htm1) 资格。从过往收到会员的查询，有些会员只欠缺这类的资历，现在是最好机会去获取有关的资历了。
这个会议将于7月27日举办一个教育性考察行程，参观悉尼一带的植树和园林。这是一个很受欢迎的活动，因为沿途会有专家向参加者解释和作答各种的绿化发展问题。 这种接待安排是一个普通旅客得不到的。 还有，这个考察行程也给你一个很好的机会与来自世界各地同业联系。
至目前为止，会议酒店 Sebel Parramatta 是已经住满了。本分会查询得知7月22号由香港飞往悉尼的机票供也十分紧张。所有本分会干事及资深攀树师都会参加此次在悉尼举行的ISA国际会议。为展示我们参与这个盛会的力量， 本分会会安排适当时间及地点在7月24日的国际攀树比赛举行场地来拍摄一个全体大合照。欢迎所有来自本分会地区的会员及参加者齐来拍照留念。
如果你放过今次会议，下次会议的地点将会离中国很远很远，到时你要受长途飞行及时差之苦。 所以当你还在考虑时，门卷则越卖越光，阁下又何苦犹疑呢？
悉尼见吧！
敬祝安康
国际树木学会 中国地区分会会长
欧永森
顾问树艺师号RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
独立执业树艺师号 IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-tree-news-14410-report.html)
注册树艺师/注册树艺师号 HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
(以上由霍健, 香港注册房屋经理号 R.P.H.M. – 119 翻译。一切内容以英文版本为准。)
It's time to send another reminder to all of you for attending the ISA International Conference in Sydney, Jul 23-27, 2011.
The Sydney Conference is the closet to our territory so far & it is packed with excellent education & exposure. Besides the Workshops, there is a Trade Show, many Educational Seminars, & a Edu-tour which fits anyone working in the Greenery Industry to see how Arboriculture & Greenery have developed in this magnificent city. Many of you as Tree Climbers may want to compare your skills at the International Tree Climbing Competition. KW Lee & SY Ho, former pupils of the Station Manager, will be competing in the ITCC events for the first time from our territory. Some of you may even decide to bring an empty suitcase like the Station Manager, to fill it up at the Trade Show with the latest gears to save tremendous shipping cost home.
The Educational Seminars will provide CEU, for which some of our Certified Arborists (CA) would need for their re-certification. Some of you complained that ISA HK/China cannot organize enough CEU locally. Now is your time to get them all in Sydney. Besides, you would need the CEU & Conference Attendance to go for our local Qualified Arborist (QA) (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/09/isa-hkchina-qualified-arborist-qa.html) credential. From enquiries received in the past, these two elements appear to the only outstanding requirement for most, & now is the time to get them.
On Jul 27, there will be an Edu-tour organized by the Conference to visit the Tree Planting & Landscaping around Sydney. This is a popular event, as experts will come along to explain & answer the various aspects of the greenery development in various locations. This is something that an ordinary visitor cannot get if going on his own. Besides, this will be an excellent opportunity for networking with international counterparts, as many joining will be from other parts of the world.
By now, the Conference Hotel of Sebel is already full. ISA HK/China has checked the air-ticket supply locally, & it is getting tight form HK to Sydney around Jul 22. All ISA HK/China staff & prominent Tree Climbers of our territory will be going to the Sydney Conference. ISA HK/China will pick a time & spot on Sunday July 24 in the ITCC event location for a group photo to show our participation in this very worthwhile occasion. All ISA HK/China Members & visitors from our territory are welcomed to take part for good memory.
So, while you are thinking, the places are going fast. If you miss the boat this time, the next conference will be far, far away with extensive travel & jetlag. So what's the hesitation?
See you all in Sydney soon.
best regards,
Sammy Au
President / Station Manager
Registered Consulting Arborist no. RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
Independent Practicing Arborist no. IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-hk-tree-news-14410-report.html)
ISA Certified Arborist / Certified Tree Worker no. HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
各位会员 :
现在我想再提醒大家， 记得出席今年7月23号至27号在澳洲悉尼举行的ISA国际会议。
这个会议是历来最接近我们的， 同时它还提供了良好学习及交流的机会。 除了工作坊外，还有展览会， 很多学术性研讨会及教育性的考察行程，都是很适合绿化行业人士认识一下这个宏伟城市的树艺及绿化发展。 你们当中有很多是攀树师的，可能想在国际攀树比赛中一显身手。 我的两名前学生将会参与这项国际赛事，这是本分会地区第一次参加国际比賽。你们有些人甚至可以和我一样，携带一个全空的手提箱去带回展览会出售最新款的工具器材， 这可省回寄运费用呢。
需要持续专业资格的 “注册树艺师”，可透过参与是次学会性研讨会获取学分。曾经有些会员投诉，本分会在香港没有举办足够活动使他们获取学分。 现在是他们最好的机会到悉尼获取所需的学分。 还有你们需要学分及出席会议资历去申请本分会的 “认可树艺师” (QA) (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/09isa-hkchina-qualified-arborist-qa.htm1) 资格。从过往收到会员的查询，有些会员只欠缺这类的资历，现在是最好机会去获取有关的资历了。
这个会议将于7月27日举办一个教育性考察行程，参观悉尼一带的植树和园林。这是一个很受欢迎的活动，因为沿途会有专家向参加者解释和作答各种的绿化发展问题。 这种接待安排是一个普通旅客得不到的。 还有，这个考察行程也给你一个很好的机会与来自世界各地同业联系。
至目前为止，会议酒店 Sebel Parramatta 是已经住满了。本分会查询得知7月22号由香港飞往悉尼的机票供也十分紧张。所有本分会干事及资深攀树师都会参加此次在悉尼举行的ISA国际会议。为展示我们参与这个盛会的力量， 本分会会安排适当时间及地点在7月24日的国际攀树比赛举行场地来拍摄一个全体大合照。欢迎所有来自本分会地区的会员及参加者齐来拍照留念。
如果你放过今次会议，下次会议的地点将会离中国很远很远，到时你要受长途飞行及时差之苦。 所以当你还在考虑时，门卷则越卖越光，阁下又何苦犹疑呢？
悉尼见吧！
敬祝安康
国际树木学会 中国地区分会会长
欧永森
顾问树艺师号RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
独立执业树艺师号 IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-tree-news-14410-report.html)
注册树艺师/注册树艺师号 HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
(以上由霍健, 香港注册房屋经理号 R.P.H.M. – 119 翻译。一切内容以英文版本为准。)
Monday, March 7, 2011
ISA HK/China --- PTB (Episode 3 : Proper Diagnosis before Risk Assessment)
国内朋友请使用翻译软件阅读本文 (http://translate.google.com.hk/?hl=en&tab=wT#enzh-CN)。
*** Our weekly Station Mail is for the information of Station Members only, but Station Mail has given up copyright & can be freely circulated. For administrative reasons, comments from outsiders are usually not entertained & may be circulated within our system locally & overseas. Please note Station Mail is sometimes given in Blog at http://isahkchina.blogspot.com , although images are usually not attached due to size. ***
Dear Station Members,
Many a times Arborists in our territory are asked to conduct Tree Assessment. Many of the "Tree Assessors" are also newly certified, getting the job from an employer who would look for the cheapest alternative. A standard Tree Assessment "Form" would be used to fill in observational data & be given a rating, & then Treatment would be written down in accordance with the knowledge & experience of this "Tree Assessor". Details of the Treatment is usually not required, e.g. how many percent for Crown Reduction, at where & why. Symptoms may be recorded but not investigated in any details.
Diagnosis is perhaps the domain that most Certified Arborist (CA) candidates fail in the exam in our territory. To conduct a proper diagnosis, the Diagnostician has to be knowledgeable in Tree ID, Abiotic & Biotic Disorders, Pests, Site Condition, Management History & Client's Expectation. He would need sharp observation & has adequate experience to identify the problem, & evaluate for a solution. Not all Tree Disorders can be treated in an urban area. Tree Removal should also be taken as a last resort, when all other alternatives have failed.
Some of the Symptoms in trees can appear similar. For e.g., water deficit & root disease would have the same outlook of Dieback in the canopy. Sunburn & Anthracnose can be confused with each other. Herbicide Damage & Leaf Disease also look similar. It's up to the Diagnostician with his inquisitive mind to find out what's wrong, & to propose a Treatment. And Treatment without Diagnosis is Malpractice.
To conduct proper Diagnosis, reciting the "CA Study Guide" is not enough. There are dozens of books in ISA on the topic, plus regular research coming out in every journal of Urban Forestry & Arboriculture. However, how many of our CA would bother to review hard into them? With an ignorant client & an immature supervision system, many incompetent "Tree Assessors" would get away to cut trees down without justification, & to provide incorrect Treatment without the right cause. Our urban forest would inadvertently diminish in this manner. Or is this what the Tree Owners would ultimately want : Out of sight, out of mind?
It is necessary to have an acceptable public body to supervise our trees under common eyes, & to ensure our Tree Planting is sustainable. ISA HK/China has proposed the Public Tree Board , (PTB, http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-public-tree-board.html) to get everybody involved. One good thing about the PTB is that it may divert political pressure from other heated topics in our society. PTB should serve a general purpose of social harmony.
Major western municipalities have their own PTB. PTB appears to be part of the advanced civilization. We wonder when our territory would have the first PTB established anywhere?
In China, perhaps?
best regards,
Sammy Au
President / Station Manager
Registered Consulting Arborist no. RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
Independent Practicing Arborist no. IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-hk-tree-news-14410-report.html)
ISA Certified Arborist / Certified Tree Worker no. HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
"Providing treatment without in-depth diagnosis & research support is professional misconduct. "
"Casual tree assessor delivers wanton tree assessment. Mother Nature makes the rules."
各位会员，
在树艺界，很多时候树艺师是被要求对树木进行评估。很多最近才考获注册的“树木评估员”，从那些只考虑选取廉价服务的雇主上取得“评树“工作。这些“树评员” 根据自己的知识和经验，便將所得的观测数据及评定等级，及树疗方法填入一張标准的树本评估“表“内。通常都不须要填写非常详细的治疗方法，例如：树冠要减少几多百分比，要在那里减少，及为何要减少。症状可能会被纪录，但缺乏周详调查。
'诊断' 可能是一個範籌引致大多数 "注册树艺师 " 考生于牌照考试中不及格。要进行适当的诊断，诊断者必须在对辨树、非生物和生物病理、虫害、现场条件、管理历史与客户的期望等都要有所认知。他需要有敏锐的观察力和丰富经验來肯定问题所在， 从而评估解决的方案。于市区笵圍內，並非所有树害病都可以得到治疗。誠然，当所有其他办法都没有奏效，移走树木才应是最后手段。
树木的某些病症可以表現出类似徵狀。就例如，水分亏缺和根部病害都会在树冠层上出现相同的枯萎景象。日炙及炭疽病亦可互相混淆。因除草剂而造成之损害及害叶病也很类似。这些分辨都要依赖诊断者的探究精神，从而才可提出治疗的方法。注意，不诊断的治疗是专业失当。
這需要有一个認受性的公共机构在共同眼睛下去监管我们的树木，及确保我们的植树是可持续的。太分会已提倡設立 公共树木评议會 (PTB，http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-public-tree-board.html）让所有人都可加入参与。PTB 的好處是從其他热门社會话题中転移政治压力。PTB 是以諦造社會和谐而存在的。
大多西方主要城市都已有自己的 PTB。PTB 似乎是先进文明的一部分。我们很想知道，我们何时何地才可以有属於我們地区的第一个PTB ？
也許, 在中国?
敬祝安康
国际树木学会 中国地区分会 会长
欧永森
顾问树艺师号 RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
独立执业树艺师号 IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-tree-news-14410-report.html)
注册树艺师 / 注册攀树师号 HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
“不深入诊断和参照研究来批出处方，是专业失当。”
"速成出来的树木评估员，只会作出胡乱的树木评估。大自然会决定成败。”
(以上由罗叶明 注册树艺师号 HK-0538A 翻绎。一切内容以英文版本为准。)
*** Our weekly Station Mail is for the information of Station Members only, but Station Mail has given up copyright & can be freely circulated. For administrative reasons, comments from outsiders are usually not entertained & may be circulated within our system locally & overseas. Please note Station Mail is sometimes given in Blog at http://isahkchina.blogspot.com , although images are usually not attached due to size. ***
Dear Station Members,
Many a times Arborists in our territory are asked to conduct Tree Assessment. Many of the "Tree Assessors" are also newly certified, getting the job from an employer who would look for the cheapest alternative. A standard Tree Assessment "Form" would be used to fill in observational data & be given a rating, & then Treatment would be written down in accordance with the knowledge & experience of this "Tree Assessor". Details of the Treatment is usually not required, e.g. how many percent for Crown Reduction, at where & why. Symptoms may be recorded but not investigated in any details.
Diagnosis is perhaps the domain that most Certified Arborist (CA) candidates fail in the exam in our territory. To conduct a proper diagnosis, the Diagnostician has to be knowledgeable in Tree ID, Abiotic & Biotic Disorders, Pests, Site Condition, Management History & Client's Expectation. He would need sharp observation & has adequate experience to identify the problem, & evaluate for a solution. Not all Tree Disorders can be treated in an urban area. Tree Removal should also be taken as a last resort, when all other alternatives have failed.
Some of the Symptoms in trees can appear similar. For e.g., water deficit & root disease would have the same outlook of Dieback in the canopy. Sunburn & Anthracnose can be confused with each other. Herbicide Damage & Leaf Disease also look similar. It's up to the Diagnostician with his inquisitive mind to find out what's wrong, & to propose a Treatment. And Treatment without Diagnosis is Malpractice.
To conduct proper Diagnosis, reciting the "CA Study Guide" is not enough. There are dozens of books in ISA on the topic, plus regular research coming out in every journal of Urban Forestry & Arboriculture. However, how many of our CA would bother to review hard into them? With an ignorant client & an immature supervision system, many incompetent "Tree Assessors" would get away to cut trees down without justification, & to provide incorrect Treatment without the right cause. Our urban forest would inadvertently diminish in this manner. Or is this what the Tree Owners would ultimately want : Out of sight, out of mind?
It is necessary to have an acceptable public body to supervise our trees under common eyes, & to ensure our Tree Planting is sustainable. ISA HK/China has proposed the Public Tree Board , (PTB, http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-public-tree-board.html) to get everybody involved. One good thing about the PTB is that it may divert political pressure from other heated topics in our society. PTB should serve a general purpose of social harmony.
Major western municipalities have their own PTB. PTB appears to be part of the advanced civilization. We wonder when our territory would have the first PTB established anywhere?
In China, perhaps?
best regards,
Sammy Au
President / Station Manager
Registered Consulting Arborist no. RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
Independent Practicing Arborist no. IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-hk-tree-news-14410-report.html)
ISA Certified Arborist / Certified Tree Worker no. HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
"Providing treatment without in-depth diagnosis & research support is professional misconduct. "
"Casual tree assessor delivers wanton tree assessment. Mother Nature makes the rules."
各位会员，
在树艺界，很多时候树艺师是被要求对树木进行评估。很多最近才考获注册的“树木评估员”，从那些只考虑选取廉价服务的雇主上取得“评树“工作。这些“树评员” 根据自己的知识和经验，便將所得的观测数据及评定等级，及树疗方法填入一張标准的树本评估“表“内。通常都不须要填写非常详细的治疗方法，例如：树冠要减少几多百分比，要在那里减少，及为何要减少。症状可能会被纪录，但缺乏周详调查。
'诊断' 可能是一個範籌引致大多数 "注册树艺师 " 考生于牌照考试中不及格。要进行适当的诊断，诊断者必须在对辨树、非生物和生物病理、虫害、现场条件、管理历史与客户的期望等都要有所认知。他需要有敏锐的观察力和丰富经验來肯定问题所在， 从而评估解决的方案。于市区笵圍內，並非所有树害病都可以得到治疗。誠然，当所有其他办法都没有奏效，移走树木才应是最后手段。
树木的某些病症可以表現出类似徵狀。就例如，水分亏缺和根部病害都会在树冠层上出现相同的枯萎景象。日炙及炭疽病亦可互相混淆。因除草剂而造成之损害及害叶病也很类似。这些分辨都要依赖诊断者的探究精神，从而才可提出治疗的方法。注意，不诊断的治疗是专业失当。
這需要有一个認受性的公共机构在共同眼睛下去监管我们的树木，及确保我们的植树是可持续的。太分会已提倡設立 公共树木评议會 (PTB，http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-public-tree-board.html）让所有人都可加入参与。PTB 的好處是從其他热门社會话题中転移政治压力。PTB 是以諦造社會和谐而存在的。
大多西方主要城市都已有自己的 PTB。PTB 似乎是先进文明的一部分。我们很想知道，我们何时何地才可以有属於我們地区的第一个PTB ？
也許, 在中国?
敬祝安康
国际树木学会 中国地区分会 会长
欧永森
顾问树艺师号 RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
独立执业树艺师号 IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-tree-news-14410-report.html)
注册树艺师 / 注册攀树师号 HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
“不深入诊断和参照研究来批出处方，是专业失当。”
"速成出来的树木评估员，只会作出胡乱的树木评估。大自然会决定成败。”
(以上由罗叶明 注册树艺师号 HK-0538A 翻绎。一切内容以英文版本为准。)
Monday, February 28, 2011
ISA HK/China --- 国际通行的樹木種/移植方法
国内朋友请使用翻译软件阅读本文 (http://translate.google.com.hk/?hl=en&tab=wT#enzh-CN)。
*** Our weekly Station Mail is for the information of Station Members only, but Station Mail has given up copyright & can be freely circulated. For administrative reasons, comments from outsiders are usually not entertained & may be circulated within our system locally & overseas. Please note Station Mail is sometimes given in Blog at http://isahkchina.blogspot.com , although images are usually not attached due to size. ***
Dear Station Members,
Attached is another translated article from ISA research on Planting/Transplanting Landscape Trees. This article has already been accepted by major newspapers in China for publication. Station Members are welcomed to distribute it within their own channels to China for education purpose with our permission.
Prime ISA concepts in rootball size, planting hole dimension, soil backfill, watering, staking & mulching are discussed in brief, to arouse response from China readers. We do not want to throw in complicated details at this stage. This may confuse the audience. We shall save that for our future seminars in China.
China has been practicing the horticultural methods of selecting "root-bound" nursery stocks produced in containers for Tree Planting. "Root-bound" trees would have minimum Transplant Shock due to the roots not disturbed during the planting process. It will give "Instant Effect". However, they are also known to be associated with Girdling Roots, which will strangle or topple the tree when mature. Pot Plants are produced in "root-bound" because they do not grow tall & live long. Trees will. This concept from horticulture has ruined Tree Planting in our territory for years, & hardly anybody has exposed it in the past.
Research has not confirmed that Soil Amendment with organic matters, hormones, water-retainers & other compounds would definitely help Tree Establishment. Unlike smaller plants in pots, tree roots will outgrow in the surrounding soil within a week, if the weather condition is favourable. The "potting mix" in the backfill will soon become useless, & is liable to create instability due to its soft texture. This "potting mix" concept from horticulture has again confused landscapers to waste funds to demand procedures which may not benefit trees.
Fertilizers can be a killer for newly emerged roots. Higher concentration can be a lethal dosage. ISA Best Management Practice does not recommend Pre-fertilizing in planting pits, but to analyze the needs of the tree after planting to formulate the correct dosage. Pot Plants frequently put in pre-fertilizers in the "potting mix" to encourage growth. They usually grow faster than trees, but die equally faster. Their life span is short. Trees have evolved in their millions of years on Earth to grow in most soil, rich or poor. Trees in general do not need much fertilization. Therefore, we tend to mix up horticulture with Arboriculture again in Tree Fertilization.
Staking is a temporary measure internationally. Prolong staking will reduce Tree Taper to produce weak stamina, & discourage root spread. Staking a tree forever is like propping a healthy person with stretcher to walk around everyday. What would happen if we remove the stretcher? The person would fall, because his muscles have degenerated due to the use of the stretcher. Say if we don't do that to a human, what reason should we do that for trees? We should demand a scientific reason for staking a tree forever.
This article written in simple language has resolved many riddles of Tree Planting for our brothers & sisters from their traditional practices. It may ring a bell & wake some of them to re-think what Mother Nature requires. Arboriculture is a scientific discipline. If anyone does not agree with Mother Nature, let's see who'll make the rules.
best regards,
Sammy Au
President / Station Manager
Registered Consulting Arborist no. RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
Independent Practicing Arborist no. IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-hk-tree-news-14410-report.html)
ISA Certified Arborist / Certified Tree Worker no. HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
"Providing treatment without in-depth diagnosis & research support is professional misconduct. "
"Casual tree assessor delivers wanton tree assessment. Mother Nature makes the rules."
各位会员，
附件是另一篇翻译文章，主题是本会对 "园林树木种/移植"的研究。这篇文章已被各中国主要报章接受并将在国内出版。本分会欢迎各会员在我们的许可下，透过自己的渠道分发到中国各地以作教育用途。
此文章简介本会有关土球大小、树洞尺寸、填土、浇水、种后支撑及覆盖物等方面的基础概念及标准，以引起中国读者的注意。我们不希望在本阶段探讨太多复杂的细节，因这可能会混淆大家。我们将在未来在中国举行的研讨会中作进一步的探讨。
国内在选择苗木时一般倾向采用生长在苗盆内的苗木，因为这些苗木的根系在移植时将受到最小的影响，提供移植成功的 "即时表象"。但是，这些苗木的根系由于受苗盆的限制，一般都会出现 盘绕根 的问题，当树木逐渐成长时，容易出现根系互相盘绕绞杀及树干倾倒的问题。盆栽植物根部受限并无太大的问题，因为它们不如树木般会长高和长寿。但是此概念运用在苗木生产上却几乎毁了我们在树木种植上的努力，而过去没有人发现。
研究还没有证实使用 泥土添加剂 如有机物质、激素、保水剂及其他化合物一定可帮助苗木移植后的复原。不像生长在盆栽的小植物，树木根系在适合的天气中，可以在一周内长离泥土添加剂的有效范围，进入原土里面。在回填土中使用的各种泥土添加剂将很快变得无用，而其松软的质地亦很容易造成不稳定的土壤。这种使用各种添加物的园艺概念再次混淆业者，令他们浪费资金去执行可能不利于树木生长的程序。
肥料 可以成为新生树根的杀手，高浓度的肥料往往是致命的。ISA的最佳处理并不建议在苗木种植前在树穴施肥，而是在分析树木在种植后的需要而制定正确的剂量。盆栽植物经常会在新盘内预先加入肥料以鼓励生长。它们的生长速度一般比树木快，但却死得快一些，因为它们的寿命很短。树木在数百万年的进化中渐渐适应，可以生长在无论肥沃或贫瘠的各种土壤，故此树木一般并不需要太多的肥料。在以往, 我们往往在为树木施肥上混淆了园艺及树艺的概念。
种后支撑 是一项国际通行的临时措施。但是，长期的支撑会减少 干粗收窄（Taper）并造成长弱的主干，及阻碍根系的发展。长期依赖支撑的树木就有如一个健康的人每天以助行器走动。当我们移走助行器时会发生什么事呢？该人将会跌倒，因为他的肌肉已经在每天使用助行器中退化。如果我们不会对一个人这样做，我们又有什么理由要这样对待我们的树木呢？如果要长期为树木提供支撑，请提出科学的理由！
这篇文章用简单的语言, 解释了许多有关树木种植在国内传统处理上的问题。它可能敲响了警钟：唤醒国内的兄弟姊妹们重新思考什么是大自然的要求。树艺是一门科学。如果有人不同意大自然，让我们看看到底是谁制定规则。
敬祝安康
国际树木学会 中国地区分会 会长
欧永森
顾问树艺师号 RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
独立执业树艺师号 IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-tree-news-14410-report.html)
注册树艺师 / 注册攀树师号 HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
“不深入诊断和参照研究来批出处方，是专业失当。”
“速成出来的树木评估员，只会作出胡乱的树木评估。大自然会决定成败。”
(以上由莊俊榮 注册树艺师 /市政专家号 HK-0009AM 翻绎。一切内容以英文版本为准。)
国际树木学会(INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ARBORICULTURE，简称ISA) 经过数十年的研究论证，建立了一套基本树木栽种方法作为参考指南，与目前香港/国内现行使用的方法略有不同。
(A) 栽种一般1 cm–10 cm 干粗的园林绿化树
ISA 建议采用的园林绿化树的干粗最好不要超过10 cm，因为在此粗度以下的树木生命力一般比较旺盛，移植后复原较快；如果移植时土球也能符合ISA 标准的话(10 x干粗)，用树基本上很少会产生『移植痴呆症』。
ISA的研究同时发现移栽同品种干粗10 cm以下的苗和移栽10 cm以上的苗同时相比，经过几年生长后，10 cm以下的苗的最终粗度竟比10 cm以上的苗为粗！这点与大苗和小苗的移除根系比例有关。
香港和国内在园林设计选苗时候都喜欢苗木『越大越好』，认为这样够排场，有『即时效果』，又以为大树会比小树长得快，其实长远效果变成适得其反，欲速则不达。
此外，也有下列各点值得注意：
1.所挖树洞大小
a.树洞直径应在土球直径的最少两倍以上，又以三倍最为标准。较大的树洞有其优点，起码有较多的空间在土球旁边工作，减轻在解除土球包装的时候对根系的损害。其次是因为树洞较大，回填的的松土自然较多，这有利于新根的发展，也有利于浇水的时候水分在松土里面平均分布，有利新根生长。
b.树洞的深度应比土球的深度浅5 cm到10 cm，方便土球少量露出泥面。为何如此？因为树木本身有重量，在新根发出以前，土球在浇水后可能浸降少许，刚好平衡凸出土面部份。 也许土球可能是放在实土上面而不会浸降，但由于大部份新根都是长于离土表以下的30 cm，对喜欢氧气和怕泡水窒息的新根发展，这绝对有利无害。 ISA的研究指出，只要浇水充足，如此浅种1 cm-2 cm的土球在根系发展方面会更健康，复原速度会更快速。
2. 填土(BACKFILL)
ISA 建议回填土时候只采用从树洞挖出的原土， 无须混合任何泥土添加剂，例如有机物、肥料、保水剂、激素等等，这点与香港/国内现行做法非常不同。 ISA 的研究指出，泥土添加剂对发根作用不大，况且新根长出后， 没多久就会长离泥土添加剂的有效范围，进入原土里面，令添加剂从基本上失去效用。如果新根不愿长进原土向外伸展，只仃留在泥土添加剂的范围里打圈，很容易便造成 ‘盘根现象'，为日后大树倒塌创造机会。此外， 加入添加剂的泥土密度会与原土不一致，容易导致水分分布不均，造成偏生根系，对整树的日后发展不好。所以ISA 建议除非原土性质特差，否则不用混进添加剂，或是将添加剂使用的范围扩达至日后成长树冠以下，才是有效的做法。
3. 覆盖物 (MULCH)
ISA 建议在移植后，土面应该放上7 cm至10 cm厚的覆盖物，而此等覆盖物又以已发酵的粗糙有机物为佳，例如刨木片、谷糠、 树皮等等。在西方国家，特别是北美洲，很多时候采用新鲜刚切碎的树木残渣来作覆盖物， 这些没有发酵过的有机物也很少发生烧根或抢氮等现象。 铺放覆盖物的范围要达到成长树冠边缘的垂直线下以达到最佳效果，又以离开树干约5 cm-10 cm为好，以减少根颈产生腐烂的机会。
覆盖物的好处在于根系恒温、保水、增添原土有机物等等，可以创造良好的地下环境以便发根。
4. 种后支撑
ISA 认为采用树木支撑只会减少干粗收窄(TAPER)及根系伸展的发展，所以建议在非用不可的情况下才使用支撑。 因为支撑只是临时措施，所以很少使用金属材料，而以廉价木材为主。
支撑的插土部份要以不损害根系为目的， 接触树干的部份要采用软性宽带材料，以减少对树皮作出的机械伤害， 安装的时候要越低越好，方便建立干粗收窄。
设立支撑的时间要越短越好，一般只是一个生长季节，以利树木的地上下部发展，千万不要长年累月设置，否则根系不愿外伸，干粗收窄很难出现。
5. 种后施肥
ISA 认为应该先检测种树区的原土的含肥量， 才决定种后应该施肥与否。
普遍来说，刚种下的苗还没有长出新根来作吸收，过高的肥料浓度反而影响新根长出，也会助长病虫害的发展；此点与香港/国内拌肥进土的现行做法有所不同。
如果检定确有须要作出施肥的话，应采用缓解肥施放在回填土的上面，让其慢慢溶化释放，无须混进。种后施肥期间一般只进行到根系已达到复原程度，之后要按个别情况判断每次的施肥量和方法。
(B) 栽种一般10 CM干粗以上的园林绿化树
与香港/国内现行做法不同，ISA 不建议采用或移植10 CM以上干粗的大树作为园林绿化使用，主要原因有以下两点：
1. 操作困难
移植10 cm以上干粗的大树时，如果采用达标土球(10 X 径粗)，则非必须使用机械搬运不可，否则用人力及 ‘土办法'来拖拖拉拉， 必然对包装土球造成极大损害。 如果把土球随意缩小，成活率和复原速度肯定下降，根本得不偿失。
如果要挖标准树洞 (3 x 土球直径)，周边设施必须配合，建筑物、管道、道路等等都要让路。还要考虑大树日后够否生长空间，以免维修增添麻烦。
此外，目前供应香港/国内的绿化大树越来越少，造价越来越高，苗场没得供应的唯有到野外乱掏乱挖，简接造成生态灾难，借问此举谁应负责？
2. 复原困难
众所周知，成年树的活力(VIGOR)不及幼年树，在砍根移植后须要复原时间比幼年树长很多，什至不会完全复原。
ISA 过去的研究指出，在温带地区，移植成年树的复原时间大概是每干粗2.5 CM就须时一年，这等如移植一棵25 CM干粗的成年树，它的复原时间可能长达10年。
如果土球尺寸太小，胡乱修剪，再加上日后管理不善的话，移植过的大树可能直走下坡，永不复原。试问如此的移植是为了什么？
以上两点是从商业角度作出考虑。 假如为了某些原因而非采用成年树不可的话，移植时候要注意以下几点：
1. 修剪
目前香港/国内移植大树的时候，普遍大量修剪树冠，把枝条剪到某固定长度，认为如此可以减少蒸发量来提高成活率，其实也为了方便运输。
ISA 的研究发现，如此造法不单对复原速度毫无帮助，反而导致日后枝条容易产生腐烂 (DECAY)，生根缓慢和树体健康慢慢走下坡。
树木的根部须要从叶片那里取得营养，大量的剪掉叶片会截断供应来源，导致营养不良，无法伸展。如果根系萎缩，地上部的生长肯定受到影响，照样复原困难。
ISA 建议如果须要修剪树冠的话，应该把枝条的切除量减到最少，以保持叶片数量和树木干架的结构完整， 但枯、病、死枝则一定要切除。
修剪的时候，要采用正确的剪法 (见日后发表文章'国际通行的树木修剪方法')，而且切口无须涂上保护液(SEALANT)，因为ISA 的研究发现保护液根本作用不大，反而助长腐烂产生。
2. 土球
挖出的土球要求越宽越好，深度一般在0.6-1米左右算是足够，大部份的根系很少长到1米以下，但也有例外情况。
土球如果能到挖到原树的树冠垂直投影线下的最为理想，否则最小也要到其一半。
土球如需接受断根处理，要通过几个月的稳定期，包装良好和经常保持湿润的情况下， 再选择合适天气时候搬移，而且最好在当天内完成。
* * * * * *
不管设计有多好，苗木在移植前质量有多高，如果栽种方法不理想，最终的效果也是徒劳无功。 合理的栽种方法是保持苗木长期健康发展的关键，也可以大量减省日后维修保养的开支。
*** Our weekly Station Mail is for the information of Station Members only, but Station Mail has given up copyright & can be freely circulated. For administrative reasons, comments from outsiders are usually not entertained & may be circulated within our system locally & overseas. Please note Station Mail is sometimes given in Blog at http://isahkchina.blogspot.com , although images are usually not attached due to size. ***
Dear Station Members,
Attached is another translated article from ISA research on Planting/Transplanting Landscape Trees. This article has already been accepted by major newspapers in China for publication. Station Members are welcomed to distribute it within their own channels to China for education purpose with our permission.
Prime ISA concepts in rootball size, planting hole dimension, soil backfill, watering, staking & mulching are discussed in brief, to arouse response from China readers. We do not want to throw in complicated details at this stage. This may confuse the audience. We shall save that for our future seminars in China.
China has been practicing the horticultural methods of selecting "root-bound" nursery stocks produced in containers for Tree Planting. "Root-bound" trees would have minimum Transplant Shock due to the roots not disturbed during the planting process. It will give "Instant Effect". However, they are also known to be associated with Girdling Roots, which will strangle or topple the tree when mature. Pot Plants are produced in "root-bound" because they do not grow tall & live long. Trees will. This concept from horticulture has ruined Tree Planting in our territory for years, & hardly anybody has exposed it in the past.
Research has not confirmed that Soil Amendment with organic matters, hormones, water-retainers & other compounds would definitely help Tree Establishment. Unlike smaller plants in pots, tree roots will outgrow in the surrounding soil within a week, if the weather condition is favourable. The "potting mix" in the backfill will soon become useless, & is liable to create instability due to its soft texture. This "potting mix" concept from horticulture has again confused landscapers to waste funds to demand procedures which may not benefit trees.
Fertilizers can be a killer for newly emerged roots. Higher concentration can be a lethal dosage. ISA Best Management Practice does not recommend Pre-fertilizing in planting pits, but to analyze the needs of the tree after planting to formulate the correct dosage. Pot Plants frequently put in pre-fertilizers in the "potting mix" to encourage growth. They usually grow faster than trees, but die equally faster. Their life span is short. Trees have evolved in their millions of years on Earth to grow in most soil, rich or poor. Trees in general do not need much fertilization. Therefore, we tend to mix up horticulture with Arboriculture again in Tree Fertilization.
Staking is a temporary measure internationally. Prolong staking will reduce Tree Taper to produce weak stamina, & discourage root spread. Staking a tree forever is like propping a healthy person with stretcher to walk around everyday. What would happen if we remove the stretcher? The person would fall, because his muscles have degenerated due to the use of the stretcher. Say if we don't do that to a human, what reason should we do that for trees? We should demand a scientific reason for staking a tree forever.
This article written in simple language has resolved many riddles of Tree Planting for our brothers & sisters from their traditional practices. It may ring a bell & wake some of them to re-think what Mother Nature requires. Arboriculture is a scientific discipline. If anyone does not agree with Mother Nature, let's see who'll make the rules.
best regards,
Sammy Au
President / Station Manager
Registered Consulting Arborist no. RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
Independent Practicing Arborist no. IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-hk-tree-news-14410-report.html)
ISA Certified Arborist / Certified Tree Worker no. HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
"Providing treatment without in-depth diagnosis & research support is professional misconduct. "
"Casual tree assessor delivers wanton tree assessment. Mother Nature makes the rules."
各位会员，
附件是另一篇翻译文章，主题是本会对 "园林树木种/移植"的研究。这篇文章已被各中国主要报章接受并将在国内出版。本分会欢迎各会员在我们的许可下，透过自己的渠道分发到中国各地以作教育用途。
此文章简介本会有关土球大小、树洞尺寸、填土、浇水、种后支撑及覆盖物等方面的基础概念及标准，以引起中国读者的注意。我们不希望在本阶段探讨太多复杂的细节，因这可能会混淆大家。我们将在未来在中国举行的研讨会中作进一步的探讨。
国内在选择苗木时一般倾向采用生长在苗盆内的苗木，因为这些苗木的根系在移植时将受到最小的影响，提供移植成功的 "即时表象"。但是，这些苗木的根系由于受苗盆的限制，一般都会出现 盘绕根 的问题，当树木逐渐成长时，容易出现根系互相盘绕绞杀及树干倾倒的问题。盆栽植物根部受限并无太大的问题，因为它们不如树木般会长高和长寿。但是此概念运用在苗木生产上却几乎毁了我们在树木种植上的努力，而过去没有人发现。
研究还没有证实使用 泥土添加剂 如有机物质、激素、保水剂及其他化合物一定可帮助苗木移植后的复原。不像生长在盆栽的小植物，树木根系在适合的天气中，可以在一周内长离泥土添加剂的有效范围，进入原土里面。在回填土中使用的各种泥土添加剂将很快变得无用，而其松软的质地亦很容易造成不稳定的土壤。这种使用各种添加物的园艺概念再次混淆业者，令他们浪费资金去执行可能不利于树木生长的程序。
肥料 可以成为新生树根的杀手，高浓度的肥料往往是致命的。ISA的最佳处理并不建议在苗木种植前在树穴施肥，而是在分析树木在种植后的需要而制定正确的剂量。盆栽植物经常会在新盘内预先加入肥料以鼓励生长。它们的生长速度一般比树木快，但却死得快一些，因为它们的寿命很短。树木在数百万年的进化中渐渐适应，可以生长在无论肥沃或贫瘠的各种土壤，故此树木一般并不需要太多的肥料。在以往, 我们往往在为树木施肥上混淆了园艺及树艺的概念。
种后支撑 是一项国际通行的临时措施。但是，长期的支撑会减少 干粗收窄（Taper）并造成长弱的主干，及阻碍根系的发展。长期依赖支撑的树木就有如一个健康的人每天以助行器走动。当我们移走助行器时会发生什么事呢？该人将会跌倒，因为他的肌肉已经在每天使用助行器中退化。如果我们不会对一个人这样做，我们又有什么理由要这样对待我们的树木呢？如果要长期为树木提供支撑，请提出科学的理由！
这篇文章用简单的语言, 解释了许多有关树木种植在国内传统处理上的问题。它可能敲响了警钟：唤醒国内的兄弟姊妹们重新思考什么是大自然的要求。树艺是一门科学。如果有人不同意大自然，让我们看看到底是谁制定规则。
敬祝安康
国际树木学会 中国地区分会 会长
欧永森
顾问树艺师号 RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
独立执业树艺师号 IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-tree-news-14410-report.html)
注册树艺师 / 注册攀树师号 HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
“不深入诊断和参照研究来批出处方，是专业失当。”
“速成出来的树木评估员，只会作出胡乱的树木评估。大自然会决定成败。”
(以上由莊俊榮 注册树艺师 /市政专家号 HK-0009AM 翻绎。一切内容以英文版本为准。)
国际通行的樹木種/移植方法
国际树木学会 中国地区分会 会长 欧永森
顾问树艺师号 RCA#497 独立执业树艺师号 IPA-010908
注册树艺师/注册攀树师号 HK-0174AT
国际树木学会(INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ARBORICULTURE，简称ISA) 经过数十年的研究论证，建立了一套基本树木栽种方法作为参考指南，与目前香港/国内现行使用的方法略有不同。
(A) 栽种一般1 cm–10 cm 干粗的园林绿化树
ISA 建议采用的园林绿化树的干粗最好不要超过10 cm，因为在此粗度以下的树木生命力一般比较旺盛，移植后复原较快；如果移植时土球也能符合ISA 标准的话(10 x干粗)，用树基本上很少会产生『移植痴呆症』。
ISA的研究同时发现移栽同品种干粗10 cm以下的苗和移栽10 cm以上的苗同时相比，经过几年生长后，10 cm以下的苗的最终粗度竟比10 cm以上的苗为粗！这点与大苗和小苗的移除根系比例有关。
香港和国内在园林设计选苗时候都喜欢苗木『越大越好』，认为这样够排场，有『即时效果』，又以为大树会比小树长得快，其实长远效果变成适得其反，欲速则不达。
此外，也有下列各点值得注意：
1.所挖树洞大小
a.树洞直径应在土球直径的最少两倍以上，又以三倍最为标准。较大的树洞有其优点，起码有较多的空间在土球旁边工作，减轻在解除土球包装的时候对根系的损害。其次是因为树洞较大，回填的的松土自然较多，这有利于新根的发展，也有利于浇水的时候水分在松土里面平均分布，有利新根生长。
b.树洞的深度应比土球的深度浅5 cm到10 cm，方便土球少量露出泥面。为何如此？因为树木本身有重量，在新根发出以前，土球在浇水后可能浸降少许，刚好平衡凸出土面部份。 也许土球可能是放在实土上面而不会浸降，但由于大部份新根都是长于离土表以下的30 cm，对喜欢氧气和怕泡水窒息的新根发展，这绝对有利无害。 ISA的研究指出，只要浇水充足，如此浅种1 cm-2 cm的土球在根系发展方面会更健康，复原速度会更快速。
2. 填土(BACKFILL)
ISA 建议回填土时候只采用从树洞挖出的原土， 无须混合任何泥土添加剂，例如有机物、肥料、保水剂、激素等等，这点与香港/国内现行做法非常不同。 ISA 的研究指出，泥土添加剂对发根作用不大，况且新根长出后， 没多久就会长离泥土添加剂的有效范围，进入原土里面，令添加剂从基本上失去效用。如果新根不愿长进原土向外伸展，只仃留在泥土添加剂的范围里打圈，很容易便造成 ‘盘根现象'，为日后大树倒塌创造机会。此外， 加入添加剂的泥土密度会与原土不一致，容易导致水分分布不均，造成偏生根系，对整树的日后发展不好。所以ISA 建议除非原土性质特差，否则不用混进添加剂，或是将添加剂使用的范围扩达至日后成长树冠以下，才是有效的做法。
3. 覆盖物 (MULCH)
ISA 建议在移植后，土面应该放上7 cm至10 cm厚的覆盖物，而此等覆盖物又以已发酵的粗糙有机物为佳，例如刨木片、谷糠、 树皮等等。在西方国家，特别是北美洲，很多时候采用新鲜刚切碎的树木残渣来作覆盖物， 这些没有发酵过的有机物也很少发生烧根或抢氮等现象。 铺放覆盖物的范围要达到成长树冠边缘的垂直线下以达到最佳效果，又以离开树干约5 cm-10 cm为好，以减少根颈产生腐烂的机会。
覆盖物的好处在于根系恒温、保水、增添原土有机物等等，可以创造良好的地下环境以便发根。
4. 种后支撑
ISA 认为采用树木支撑只会减少干粗收窄(TAPER)及根系伸展的发展，所以建议在非用不可的情况下才使用支撑。 因为支撑只是临时措施，所以很少使用金属材料，而以廉价木材为主。
支撑的插土部份要以不损害根系为目的， 接触树干的部份要采用软性宽带材料，以减少对树皮作出的机械伤害， 安装的时候要越低越好，方便建立干粗收窄。
设立支撑的时间要越短越好，一般只是一个生长季节，以利树木的地上下部发展，千万不要长年累月设置，否则根系不愿外伸，干粗收窄很难出现。
5. 种后施肥
ISA 认为应该先检测种树区的原土的含肥量， 才决定种后应该施肥与否。
普遍来说，刚种下的苗还没有长出新根来作吸收，过高的肥料浓度反而影响新根长出，也会助长病虫害的发展；此点与香港/国内拌肥进土的现行做法有所不同。
如果检定确有须要作出施肥的话，应采用缓解肥施放在回填土的上面，让其慢慢溶化释放，无须混进。种后施肥期间一般只进行到根系已达到复原程度，之后要按个别情况判断每次的施肥量和方法。
(B) 栽种一般10 CM干粗以上的园林绿化树
与香港/国内现行做法不同，ISA 不建议采用或移植10 CM以上干粗的大树作为园林绿化使用，主要原因有以下两点：
1. 操作困难
移植10 cm以上干粗的大树时，如果采用达标土球(10 X 径粗)，则非必须使用机械搬运不可，否则用人力及 ‘土办法'来拖拖拉拉， 必然对包装土球造成极大损害。 如果把土球随意缩小，成活率和复原速度肯定下降，根本得不偿失。
如果要挖标准树洞 (3 x 土球直径)，周边设施必须配合，建筑物、管道、道路等等都要让路。还要考虑大树日后够否生长空间，以免维修增添麻烦。
此外，目前供应香港/国内的绿化大树越来越少，造价越来越高，苗场没得供应的唯有到野外乱掏乱挖，简接造成生态灾难，借问此举谁应负责？
2. 复原困难
众所周知，成年树的活力(VIGOR)不及幼年树，在砍根移植后须要复原时间比幼年树长很多，什至不会完全复原。
ISA 过去的研究指出，在温带地区，移植成年树的复原时间大概是每干粗2.5 CM就须时一年，这等如移植一棵25 CM干粗的成年树，它的复原时间可能长达10年。
如果土球尺寸太小，胡乱修剪，再加上日后管理不善的话，移植过的大树可能直走下坡，永不复原。试问如此的移植是为了什么？
以上两点是从商业角度作出考虑。 假如为了某些原因而非采用成年树不可的话，移植时候要注意以下几点：
1. 修剪
目前香港/国内移植大树的时候，普遍大量修剪树冠，把枝条剪到某固定长度，认为如此可以减少蒸发量来提高成活率，其实也为了方便运输。
ISA 的研究发现，如此造法不单对复原速度毫无帮助，反而导致日后枝条容易产生腐烂 (DECAY)，生根缓慢和树体健康慢慢走下坡。
树木的根部须要从叶片那里取得营养，大量的剪掉叶片会截断供应来源，导致营养不良，无法伸展。如果根系萎缩，地上部的生长肯定受到影响，照样复原困难。
ISA 建议如果须要修剪树冠的话，应该把枝条的切除量减到最少，以保持叶片数量和树木干架的结构完整， 但枯、病、死枝则一定要切除。
修剪的时候，要采用正确的剪法 (见日后发表文章'国际通行的树木修剪方法')，而且切口无须涂上保护液(SEALANT)，因为ISA 的研究发现保护液根本作用不大，反而助长腐烂产生。
2. 土球
挖出的土球要求越宽越好，深度一般在0.6-1米左右算是足够，大部份的根系很少长到1米以下，但也有例外情况。
土球如果能到挖到原树的树冠垂直投影线下的最为理想，否则最小也要到其一半。
土球如需接受断根处理，要通过几个月的稳定期，包装良好和经常保持湿润的情况下， 再选择合适天气时候搬移，而且最好在当天内完成。
* * * * * *
不管设计有多好，苗木在移植前质量有多高，如果栽种方法不理想，最终的效果也是徒劳无功。 合理的栽种方法是保持苗木长期健康发展的关键，也可以大量减省日后维修保养的开支。
Wednesday, February 16, 2011
ISA HK/China --- Our Station is 6 years old
国内朋友请使用翻译软件阅读本文。(http://translate.google.com.hk/?hl=en&tab=wT#en
zh-CN)。Please also see the local translation underneath !!
*** Our weekly Station Mail is for the information of Station Members only, but Station Mail has given up copyright & can be freely circulated. For administrative reasons, comments from outsiders are usually not entertained & may be circulated within our system locally & overseas. Please note Station Mail is sometimes given in Blog at http://isahkchina.blogspot.com , although images are usually not attached due to size. ***
Dear Station Members,
By the time this Station Mail is released, ISA HK/China is already 6 years old.
ISA HK/China has transformed from the original "ISA HK/China Correspondence Station" to "ISA HK/China Station" to the now properly registered "ISA HK/China". We retain the word "Station" just out of tradition, since it has been known all around the world. In reality, we practice under the image of a Professional Institute. But again, the word "Institute" is not used anywhere in ISA Organization around the world. It appears to be a word favoured in Commonwealth countries only, & our territory of HK, Macau, Taiwan & China is not part of the Commonwealth.
In our ongoing progress especially towards China, we shall gradually regularize ourselves to transform into proper titles. For e.g., the "Station Manager" will become the "President", & "Vice Station Manager" will become "Vice President", etc. This will help our brothers & sisters up there to understand better, & to provide the recognition relating to their contribution. By now we have 6 working Committees, each functioning to look after the various affairs of our development from Exams, Education to Activities. We are constantly seeking appropriate volunteers to grow ourselves. We always ensure that we are a body of performance & not a fund-wasting White Elephant. Besides, we have no fund to waste.
Station Membership reaches around 1,500+ no. with the same ratio of 70% graduates, 40% Masters & 3% PhD & above at present. We have become truly inclusive with Station Members coming in from all walks of life, with each making contribution to us in his/her own way. This is how ISA HK/China grows to become today. Therefore, the glory goes to all our Station Members.
Over the years, the Station Manager has deep feeling towards an old Chinese proverb : " 得道多助，失道寡助。(If you are heading the right direction, you'll receive support all along; & vice versa)". We have throughout the years upheld our Station Principles of Integrity, Professionalism, Participation, Fact-finding & Truth-telling. We do not allow our Arborists to sell their soul for making money alone. We abide the ISA Ethics for Certified Arborists to the last word, & would take action to expose wrong-doings. We do not protect evils & prevail truth under research. This distinguishes us to become a strong leader in the Greenery Industry to segregate commercialism from professionalism. This has made ISA HK/China unique.
Now we are heading north for China. Our first round of literature barrage has received favourable reception from the China elites. One "Party Newspaper" with over 20 million readers has invited the Station Manager to speak in a seminar in Beijing this September. Another one is for October & more will come. As a matter of fact, we do not see why ISA Arboriculture cannot help the Land of Old Dragons to improve their quality of living, by planting & maintaining good trees. Also in China, their practical thinking will help us develop, because ISA has more research & education to compare with anybody around the world. Best of all, ISA is "International", which will receive the highest reception in the China bureaucratic hierarchy. This has given us a good edge.
No doubt ISA HK/China will expand in China. It's just a matter of time. Like our brothers & sisters up north would say: "Nobody can stop the turning wheel of history 历史巨轮无阻挡". ISA will be practiced by them to benefit the public.
Thank you all again for your contribution to develop ISA HK/China. At the end, this will benefit all.
best regards,
Sammy Au
Station Manager
Registered Consulting Arborist no. RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
Independent Practicing Arborist no. IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-hk-tree-news-14410-report.html)
Certified Arborist / Certified Tree Worker no. HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
"Treatment without in-depth diagnosis & research support is professional misconduct. "
"Casual tree assessor gives wanton tree assessment. Mother Nature makes the rules."
各位会员，
当這电邮发放之时，国际树木学会 中国地区分会 已经六岁了。
木分会已经由原来的「国际树木学会中国/香港通讯站」转型成为「国际树木学会中国/香港站」及至现在正式注册的「国际树木学会 中国地区分会」。我们沿用英语的「站」一詞只是出于传统，其实全世界都知道我们是「国际树木学会 中国地区分会」。实际上，我们用一个专业机构 (Professional Institute) 的形式运作。但「机构」这字眼在全世界的国际树木学会组织内没有使用的。这字眼看似只在英联邦国家使用，而香港、澳门、台湾和中国并不是英联邦的一部份。
在我们持续的进展 - 尤其是对中国，我们必然逐渐的规范自己转型成为恰当的衔头。例如：「站长」将会变成「会长」，而「副站长」将会变成「副会长」等。这会帮助我们国内同胞更加容易理解，及对于参与人贵们的贡献提供表彰。到现在，我们有六个工作委员会，每个委员会的运作是照顾我们发展中的各项事务 - 由考试、教育至周年聚餐等。我们不停地寻找适当的自愿者去壮大自己。我们常常确保我们是一个有成果效益的专业组织，而兴非一个浪费金钱的大白象。而且，我们没有可浪费的金钱呢。
会员人数现在已达到1,500多人，当中有70%是大学毕业、40%是硕士及超过3%是博士及以上。我们的会员包括来自社会各阶层的人士，每人以他/她们的方法为我们作出贡献。这是本分会发展至今的方法。所以，荣誉归于我们所有的会员。
过去多年，本分会长深深的感受到中国的一句谚语：得道多助，失道寡助 (If you are heading the right direction, you’ll receive support all along; & vice versa.) 。我们秉持着分会的原则：诚实、专业、参与、找寻韦实和道出真理。我们不允许我们的树艺师只是为了钱而出卖灵魂。我们坚守到底国际树木学会注册树艺师的道德规范，及会以行动去张扬错误的做法。我们不会保护邪恶，而只会在研究中推行技术。这分辨在绿化行业里的商业主义和专业守倒，令我们成为强势的领导者。这也是本分会独特的形象。
我们现向中国进发。第一轮文章的输送已获得中国精英们良好的注意。某一份有超过二千万读者的 “公家报” 也已经邀请本分会会长在今年九月到北京进行演讲。更多的陆续有来。事实上，我们看不见为甚么ISA树艺不能够协助我国改善人们生活质素 - 种植及护养优良的树木。同时，在中国，他们务实的思维方法将会协助我们发展，因为ISA在全世界与其它机构比较，有更多的研究与教育。更重要的是，ISA是 “ 国际” 性 ，这将会在中国的官僚架构中获得最高层次的接待。这给我们有利的位置。
无疑，本分会在中国扩大，只是时间上的问题。正如我们的兄弟姊妹们说：历史巨轮无阻挡 Nobody can stop the turning wheel of history. 他们将会以ISA为朋友。
再次多谢大家为本分会的发展作出贡献。到最后，这将会对大家都有益。
敬祝安康
国际树木学会 中国地区分会 会长
欧永森
顾问树艺师号 RCA#497
(http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
独立执业树艺师号 IPA-010908
(http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-tree-news-14410-report.html)
注册树艺师 / 注册攀树师号 HK-0174AT
(www.isa-arbor.com)
“没有深入的诊断及研究的支持而治疗是专业失当。”
“不认真的树木评估员将会作出荒唐的树木评估。这是大自然的规则。”
(译者：周志贤 ISA注册树艺师号 HK-0280A，一切内容以英文版本为准)
zh-CN)。Please also see the local translation underneath !!
*** Our weekly Station Mail is for the information of Station Members only, but Station Mail has given up copyright & can be freely circulated. For administrative reasons, comments from outsiders are usually not entertained & may be circulated within our system locally & overseas. Please note Station Mail is sometimes given in Blog at http://isahkchina.blogspot.com , although images are usually not attached due to size. ***
Dear Station Members,
By the time this Station Mail is released, ISA HK/China is already 6 years old.
ISA HK/China has transformed from the original "ISA HK/China Correspondence Station" to "ISA HK/China Station" to the now properly registered "ISA HK/China". We retain the word "Station" just out of tradition, since it has been known all around the world. In reality, we practice under the image of a Professional Institute. But again, the word "Institute" is not used anywhere in ISA Organization around the world. It appears to be a word favoured in Commonwealth countries only, & our territory of HK, Macau, Taiwan & China is not part of the Commonwealth.
In our ongoing progress especially towards China, we shall gradually regularize ourselves to transform into proper titles. For e.g., the "Station Manager" will become the "President", & "Vice Station Manager" will become "Vice President", etc. This will help our brothers & sisters up there to understand better, & to provide the recognition relating to their contribution. By now we have 6 working Committees, each functioning to look after the various affairs of our development from Exams, Education to Activities. We are constantly seeking appropriate volunteers to grow ourselves. We always ensure that we are a body of performance & not a fund-wasting White Elephant. Besides, we have no fund to waste.
Station Membership reaches around 1,500+ no. with the same ratio of 70% graduates, 40% Masters & 3% PhD & above at present. We have become truly inclusive with Station Members coming in from all walks of life, with each making contribution to us in his/her own way. This is how ISA HK/China grows to become today. Therefore, the glory goes to all our Station Members.
Over the years, the Station Manager has deep feeling towards an old Chinese proverb : " 得道多助，失道寡助。(If you are heading the right direction, you'll receive support all along; & vice versa)". We have throughout the years upheld our Station Principles of Integrity, Professionalism, Participation, Fact-finding & Truth-telling. We do not allow our Arborists to sell their soul for making money alone. We abide the ISA Ethics for Certified Arborists to the last word, & would take action to expose wrong-doings. We do not protect evils & prevail truth under research. This distinguishes us to become a strong leader in the Greenery Industry to segregate commercialism from professionalism. This has made ISA HK/China unique.
Now we are heading north for China. Our first round of literature barrage has received favourable reception from the China elites. One "Party Newspaper" with over 20 million readers has invited the Station Manager to speak in a seminar in Beijing this September. Another one is for October & more will come. As a matter of fact, we do not see why ISA Arboriculture cannot help the Land of Old Dragons to improve their quality of living, by planting & maintaining good trees. Also in China, their practical thinking will help us develop, because ISA has more research & education to compare with anybody around the world. Best of all, ISA is "International", which will receive the highest reception in the China bureaucratic hierarchy. This has given us a good edge.
No doubt ISA HK/China will expand in China. It's just a matter of time. Like our brothers & sisters up north would say: "Nobody can stop the turning wheel of history 历史巨轮无阻挡". ISA will be practiced by them to benefit the public.
Thank you all again for your contribution to develop ISA HK/China. At the end, this will benefit all.
best regards,
Sammy Au
Station Manager
Registered Consulting Arborist no. RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
Independent Practicing Arborist no. IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-hk-tree-news-14410-report.html)
Certified Arborist / Certified Tree Worker no. HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
"Treatment without in-depth diagnosis & research support is professional misconduct. "
"Casual tree assessor gives wanton tree assessment. Mother Nature makes the rules."
各位会员，
当這电邮发放之时，国际树木学会 中国地区分会 已经六岁了。
木分会已经由原来的「国际树木学会中国/香港通讯站」转型成为「国际树木学会中国/香港站」及至现在正式注册的「国际树木学会 中国地区分会」。我们沿用英语的「站」一詞只是出于传统，其实全世界都知道我们是「国际树木学会 中国地区分会」。实际上，我们用一个专业机构 (Professional Institute) 的形式运作。但「机构」这字眼在全世界的国际树木学会组织内没有使用的。这字眼看似只在英联邦国家使用，而香港、澳门、台湾和中国并不是英联邦的一部份。
在我们持续的进展 - 尤其是对中国，我们必然逐渐的规范自己转型成为恰当的衔头。例如：「站长」将会变成「会长」，而「副站长」将会变成「副会长」等。这会帮助我们国内同胞更加容易理解，及对于参与人贵们的贡献提供表彰。到现在，我们有六个工作委员会，每个委员会的运作是照顾我们发展中的各项事务 - 由考试、教育至周年聚餐等。我们不停地寻找适当的自愿者去壮大自己。我们常常确保我们是一个有成果效益的专业组织，而兴非一个浪费金钱的大白象。而且，我们没有可浪费的金钱呢。
会员人数现在已达到1,500多人，当中有70%是大学毕业、40%是硕士及超过3%是博士及以上。我们的会员包括来自社会各阶层的人士，每人以他/她们的方法为我们作出贡献。这是本分会发展至今的方法。所以，荣誉归于我们所有的会员。
过去多年，本分会长深深的感受到中国的一句谚语：得道多助，失道寡助 (If you are heading the right direction, you’ll receive support all along; & vice versa.) 。我们秉持着分会的原则：诚实、专业、参与、找寻韦实和道出真理。我们不允许我们的树艺师只是为了钱而出卖灵魂。我们坚守到底国际树木学会注册树艺师的道德规范，及会以行动去张扬错误的做法。我们不会保护邪恶，而只会在研究中推行技术。这分辨在绿化行业里的商业主义和专业守倒，令我们成为强势的领导者。这也是本分会独特的形象。
我们现向中国进发。第一轮文章的输送已获得中国精英们良好的注意。某一份有超过二千万读者的 “公家报” 也已经邀请本分会会长在今年九月到北京进行演讲。更多的陆续有来。事实上，我们看不见为甚么ISA树艺不能够协助我国改善人们生活质素 - 种植及护养优良的树木。同时，在中国，他们务实的思维方法将会协助我们发展，因为ISA在全世界与其它机构比较，有更多的研究与教育。更重要的是，ISA是 “ 国际” 性 ，这将会在中国的官僚架构中获得最高层次的接待。这给我们有利的位置。
无疑，本分会在中国扩大，只是时间上的问题。正如我们的兄弟姊妹们说：历史巨轮无阻挡 Nobody can stop the turning wheel of history. 他们将会以ISA为朋友。
再次多谢大家为本分会的发展作出贡献。到最后，这将会对大家都有益。
敬祝安康
国际树木学会 中国地区分会 会长
欧永森
顾问树艺师号 RCA#497
(http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
独立执业树艺师号 IPA-010908
(http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-tree-news-14410-report.html)
注册树艺师 / 注册攀树师号 HK-0174AT
(www.isa-arbor.com)
“没有深入的诊断及研究的支持而治疗是专业失当。”
“不认真的树木评估员将会作出荒唐的树木评估。这是大自然的规则。”
(译者：周志贤 ISA注册树艺师号 HK-0280A，一切内容以英文版本为准)
Thursday, February 10, 2011
ISA HK/China --- 国际通用树木规格
国内朋友请使用翻译软件阅读本文 (http://translate.google.com.hk/?hl=en&tab=wT#enzh-CN)。
*** Our weekly Station Mail is for the information of Station Members only, but Station Mail has given up copyright & can be freely circulated. For administrative reasons, comments from outsiders are usually not entertained & may be circulated within our system locally & overseas. Please note Station Mail is sometimes given in Blog at http://isahkchina.blogspot.com , although images are usually not attached due to size. ***
Dear Station Members,
Attached is another translated article on International Tree Standards given to major newspapers in China during the Chinese New year period. It is the first time ever such an article in depth that the editors have agreed to publish within their domain. This will freshen up the readers in China.
ISA HK/China takes understanding & accepting the quality standards for urban trees as a beginning in Arboriculture, in a place so untouched with international tree practices in the past. Tree design, pruning, maintenance, inspection, risk assessment & protection would try to achieve 'good' trees of health & structure. Without the Tree Standards, how can we work towards the goal?
Once our brothers & sisters accept the international tree standards, they will try to compare their existing trees with quality trees of the world. Being ever so pragmatic, they will find out the many faults of the current tree design & maintenance. Queries, probing & discussions will follow. Here in ISA HK/China, we are waiting await for that. What makes ISA strong from any other arboricultural institute in the world, is our research abilities. Our research come from around the world. It is truly 'international'. We shall let our brothers & sisters be aware of that when they approach us. This will flare ISA in China.
The Station Manger is working hard on other articles in the line to benefit our brothers & sisters a stone throw away. He speaks Mandarin as fluent as his English, & understands China like the back of his hand. He also has excellent connection with the China media & relevant authorities, with his 32 years of dealings in China. This gives ISA HK/China a tremendous edge in our push to bring ISA over there.
If anyone thinks he/she is fit to join in our China Committee, mainly to spread the load for translation at present, please kindly drop us a line. The work will always be in a hurry & sporadic, but your name will go whenever our messages go. This gives you an exposure in its best.
China is big enough to accommodate many. May those pioneers reap their sow later, as China will be a slow starter. However, once started, China will be a charging bull. China also remembers pioneers as a tradition. This happened with the Cold Hardy Palms in the 1990s, when the Station Manger was the first person to develop that in China. Now Cold Hardy Palms are everywhere in China. ISA will be next.
Come & join us if you would. We can take in 2 to 3 more at present, & many more once China begins to heat up.
best regards,
Sammy Au
Station Manager
Registered Consulting Arborist no. RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
Independent Practicing Arborist no. IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-hk-tree-news-14410-report.html)
Certified Arborist / Certified Tree Worker no. HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
"Treatment without in-depth diagnosis & research backup is professional mal-practice. "
"Casual tree assessor gives wanton tree assessment. Mother Nature makes the rules."
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
各位会员，
附件是另一篇在农历新年期间己传送给各大中国报章去发表的翻译文章。这也是远年来第一次编辑们同意在其报章刊登有这样深度的文章。这将令中国读者感到焕然一新。
在过去，中国大陆的树木管理末能与国际惯例接轨，本分会认为只有理解与接受市区树木的规格标准，才能导致树艺学发展的开端。合适的树木设计、修剪、维护、检查、风险评估及保护将成就健康和结构良好的树木。没有树木规格标准，树艺工作又能如何达标？
一旦我们的同行们接受国际树木规格标准，他们会比较自家的树木与世界上的优质树木，他们将在目前树木种植及维护中找出很多缺点，问题与讨论将随之而来。对此，本分会正热切等待其来临。当我们的同行接触我们时，我们将让他们知道，是什么让国际树木学会在树艺学上这般强大，正是我们的研究能力。 我们的研究来自世界各地。这是真正的“国际”组织。 ISA将会在中国发扬光大。
本分会会长正在努力翻译其他文章以造福我们的国内同行。 他可以操流利的普通话，亦对中国十分了解。在过去三十二年与中国的交易中，他更与中国的媒体和有关当局建立了非常良好的联系。这将使本分会在推动国际树木学会在国内的发展有着巨大的帮助。
如果您认为阁下适合加入我们的"中国委员会"，主要以分担目前繁重的翻译工作，烦请连络我们。这项工作将会是赶急的及零星的，但您的名字将出现在我们的信息当中，亦会给您带来最佳的发展机会。
中國的市場很大,大到足以容納很多人。開拓者們的收穫在開始時並不會十分顯著，因為中國是一個緩慢的啟動器，但是，一旦開動起来，收穫的增長將如狂牛一般奔前。中國有傳統去記下每一個開拓者，這發生在上世纪九十年代，本分會會長是第一個人在中國大陸開發 "耐寒棕櫚" 的市場，而現在，整個中國都可找到耐寒棕櫚。国际树木学会將是下一個被发展起来。
目前本 "中國委員會" 尚有兩至三個空缺, 請加入我們。
敬祝安康
国际树木学会 中国地区分会 会长
欧永森
顾问树艺师号 RCA#497
(http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
独立执业树艺师号 IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-tree-news-14410-report.html)
注册树艺师 / 注册攀树师号 HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
“不深入诊断和参照研究来批出处方，是专业失当。”
“速成出来的树木评估员，只会作出胡乱的树木评估。大自然会决定成败。”
(以上由莊俊榮 注册树艺师 /市政专家号 HK-0009AM 翻绎。一切内容以英文版本为准。)
国际通用树木规格
国际树木学会 (INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ARBORICULTURE, 简称 ISA) 存在一套客观公正的树木规格标准建议，应用于园林绿化设计施工方面。世界上不少国家的园林树木标准都喜欢参照ISA的建议标准来作参考，较多人熟悉的包括有英国标准 (BRITISH STANDARD) 和美国标准 (ANSI Z60.1 2004)。 香港和广东的树木标准主要参照澳洲标准，这又与当年港英政府主要采用澳洲标准有关，因为澳洲是英联邦中主要大国，而其气侯与香港较为接近。
本文所述的 ISA 树木规格建议，主由参考以下文獻写出，可供读者详用参考：
(1) ANSIz60.1-2004
(2) Arboriculture-Integrated Management of Landscape Trees, Shrubs & vines, 4th edition 2004 (Harris, Clark & Matheny)
(3) Arborists’Certification Study Guide 2001 (ISA)
(A) ISA 对使用园林树木的建议规格：
1. 必须要有明显的中央主干 (CENTRAL LEADER)
中央主干俗称树干，是所有分干的接汇处，是在风霜雨雪之时整棵树木承受重力的支持平面。研究指出'主干树'比‘非主干树'在承受外力之时，其结构性表现特强，抗力较高，这也是为何木棉的抗风性比榕树要好。
许多树木在经过人为修剪之后，会自然长出双主干或多主干，ISA要求在整株树木自然高度的2/3以下不能出现双主干或多主干的现象，以免影响其抗风能力。
2. 必须要有 60% 以上的 ‘ 活冠比' (LIVE CROWN RATIO)
‘活冠比' 是指有叶片枝条的高度与整株树木自然高度的比例。举例说，某棵树的自然高度是 10米，而离地面 4米 才有第一枝带叶片的分干长出，这等如此树从地面往上 4米 都只有主干，没有分干。此树的 ‘活冠比' 的计算方法是： 6米 / 10米 = 60 % 活冠比
ISA 认为 ‘活冠比' 在 60% 以上的树木才有足够的叶片去保持此树的正常健康生长，在此以下的树木因为叶片不足而会产生种种生长障碍，例如抗病虫能力低、发根困难、难于开花结果等等。 ISA又认为 '活冠比'在 60% 以下的树木的抗风能力较差，又以单干高球型的树木为甚，此类树木在未完全扎根之前容易随风左摇右摆，从而难以长出新根，容易倒伏。
达到 60% ‘活冠比' 的树木，一般来说会有超过 50% 的叶片长于 2/3 的下部分干，树冠形状有如眼泪滴珠，有利于整株树木结构来抵御强风。
3. 于接合点，分干粗度不超过主干粗度的 50%
树木的主干在往上生长的时候会不断长出横生分干枝条。ISA要求于主干和这些分干的接合之处，分干的粗度不超过主干的粗度的 50%，也就是说长出的分干的粗度在主干粗度的一半以下，而以1/3最为理想。为何ISA 会有如此要求？这是因为研究指出如果分干粗度不达主干粗度50%的话，这个接合点会特别强韧，在风霜雨雪当中不容易折断。树木最大的天敌就是风力，没有良好接口的枝干容易于风中脱落。
4. 分枝分干的布局要求
(a) 在主干里，上一层的分干与下一层的分干的距离大约在全树自然高的 5%。举例说，假如一棵树的自然高度是 10米，则其理想上下层分干距离是 0.5米。
(b) 每层的分干应成螺旋楼梯型状从下往上排列分布，上一层的分干不该与下一层的分干排列在同一方向，造成上下重叠。
(a)与(b)两项要求主要考虑到整株树木重量的平均分布与及枝干在风中抗力的安全性。一株结构良好的大树应该好像一棵巨大的盆景。其实盆景艺术也只不过是一棵大树的缩影。
5. 主干和分干呈现 '干粗收窄' (TAPER)
'干粗收窄' 是指条干的粗度从头端开始，慢慢顺序的往末段收窄，常见的竹荀就是例子之一。物理学告诉我们如果一棵树的主干有若竹荀般往上收窄，其抗风能力一定会比只有平均粗度的主干树木强力的多，在风中不会容易弯曲折断。按照同样道理，分枝干如果也存在 ‘干粗收窄'，分枝干同样会抗风力强。有 ‘干粗收窄'的主干树由于结构性强，承重能力高，往往能够衍生更多枝条和更会长高。
6. 良好的根部系统
一般人购买树木的时候往往花很多精力观察树木的地上部份，而忽略了很重要的地下部份。地下部份主要指根系，没有良好的根部系统会注定苗木移栽的失败。
(a) 地栽苗
ISA 要求根系必须平均分布于主干的周围，而不是边大边小，时有时无。根系还要最少分布到树冠周边的投影线下，以确定有足够支撑能力。在良好的泥土环境中，根系应达 0.6米 至 1米 深度。根系的分布应从主干呈放射状向外伸展，而绝不产生 ‘盘根现象' (GIRDLING ROOT)。'盘根现象' 是指某些大根缠绕着主干下部环绕生长，日后对主干下部造成收握现象，慢慢破坏其生理结构，从而令到树木在种下几年后才被风力推倒。在国外，由于'盘根现象'的产生而导致大树倒塌的案例非常普遍。
(B) 容器栽苗
容器是指苗盆、苗袋或任何用来生产苗木的盛栽器具，不管其装容方式是位于地上部或地下部。容器生产的优点是移栽时候不须要大量断根，但它也有缺点。
如果一棵树木在容器里面生长时间过长，其根系因为不能往外伸展，很容易便长出 '盘根现象'，造成种后倒伏。由此可见，容器苗只有很短的 ‘货架寿命' (SHELF LIFE)，必须在根系长满之时进行移栽，以免产出 ‘盘根现象'。ISA 对容器栽苗除了包括地栽苗的要求以外，会特别留意 '盘根现象' 的产生。
此外，容器栽苗的用土最好与日后移植使用的泥土性质接近，不要选用无土栽培的容器栽苗直接种植到田土里面，因为可能产生排斥而不发根。
(B) 选购 ISA 建议树木规格要注意的地方：
1.苗木的生产方法
如果选用的是容器栽苗，必须注意根部有否产生 ‘盘根现象'。如果容器栽苗是埋在地下生产的话，必须注意根部有否长出容器之外；如果是有的话，则此容器苗应当作地栽苗来处理。
如果选用的是地栽苗，最好先作断根处理。研究发现地栽苗在移植后的成活率一般比容器苗为高和复原速度为快，这可能与生产用土有关。
2.树干及枝条
a. 如果选用单干树，则主干在用手摇动的时候干底只能摇摆在 5度 之内，这点决定此树的札根稳定性。如果选用的单干树呈多主干，又此树能于少量修剪之后能够改为单主干，则此树仍可以被接受，但必须经过树艺师监定同意。
b. 干身不能有大面积的切口或明显的外力损坏，切口直径要在干径的 10% 以下，外力损坏表面的长度或直径要在 50mm 以下，以确保干枝有自我修复能力。
c. 树干下部的临时枝直径不能超过主干粗度的 20%，以免日后剪除时伤口过大，难以修复。
d. 上下层枝条不直线重叠；250mm 以上主干粗的树，上下层枝条距离应在 450mm 左右，较小的树应在 150mm 至 450mm 之间。
e. 分干枝条应以螺旋楼梯型状由下往上平均分布。
f. 分干枝条的直径要在主干直径的 ½ 以下。
g. 上下层分干枝条不会相互碰着摩擦，以免产生伤口。
h. 主干和分干都没有产生 ‘树包皮' 现象(INCLUDED BARK)。 ‘树包皮'是指当两条树干于同一发生点并列生长之时，接触处的树皮在两干之间被含包起来。'树包皮' 现象令两干产生薄弱接口，也令其中一干容易被外力撕裂。
i. 各干枝接口角度不会过窄，一般达到 30度 以上，以避免枝条容易在强风中断裂。
3.树冠
a. 树冠必须园浑饱满，不能边大边小，边有边缺。
b.不同主干直径的最低树冠直径为：
干粗 = 25mm , 冠径 = 1米
= 50mm , = 1.5米
= 125mm , = 3米
c. 合理的根冠比；由于树种各有不同，这点一般由树艺师来决定。
d. 叶片健康，符合正常颜色和大小，没有病虫害。
e. 如果全树只有 5% 以下的叶片有黄化脱落或小量病虫害，经树艺师监定同意后，依然 可以采用。
4.根部
a. 土球的直径要在干径的 10倍 左右，等如干粗每增加 25mm，土球直径将会增加 250mm，又以增加 300mm 最为标准。为何如此？研究指出挖苗时，通常有多达 95% 的根部被遗留在土中。所以土球越大，能带走的根就越多，移苗的成活率也就越高，复原速度也越快。此 1：10主干与土球的比例适用于地栽苗和容器栽苗。
b. 长势健康，新根呈奶白色放射状往外分布。
c. 没有缺陷性根系，例如 ‘J' 状根；没有 ‘盘根现象'。如果采用容器苗，必须没有达干粗 20% 以上的根长出容器以外，以免断根移植后产生 ‘移植痴呆症'。
d. 土球必须札实坚固，不能松散，不能故意塞土进去来加大土球包装。测试土球有否被填土加大，可以采用 ‘推干法'。先把土球固定，然后轻推主干，如果整株推动，证明干根一致。假如干动而土球不动，证明上下分离，包装袋里可能曾被加土。
5.其他
a. 供应的苗木不管是地栽苗或容器栽苗，搬移之前都应该能独立站稳，不须支架撑托。如果须要支架撑托的话，证明其根系尚未发达，不能采用。
b. 采购的苗木最好没有刚施过肥，应等待肥效已过才移栽。
从上述可见，ISA 的建议树木规格是非常合理和全面，每项要求都是经过几十年的研究、探讨和经验累积而成，并非简单的按照某些人或某些机构的喜好来作出决定。
树木种类千变万化，某些树种的自然长态很难达到ISA 要求，故此ISA的树木规格并没有硬性规定到所有的树木种类上，只是适用于一般的园林苗木而已。若要坚持采用特别树种，最好先与树艺师或其他专家商量研究，以免种后制造麻烦。
目前香港/国内的用苗者一般只检查树木的地上部，又以叶片的多少和颜色来决定质量，很少关注支干结构，不介意树身的外力损害，不要求足量土球，不细心检查根系，普遍认为使用前好看的树，移植后照样茁壮。如此用苗的后果是不言而喻，有目共睹。他们不知道叶片纯粹是临时性器官，可长可掉，而支干结构才是令树木长存久有的永久性组织。达标的支干结构和发达的根系令树木抗风力强，而茂密的叶冠并不代表此树已有达标的支干结构。
树艺是一门科学，与园艺非常不同。树艺很少讲究观点与角度，而是根据研究、事实、数据、统计和经验总结而成，ISA 每年发表的树木研究报告超过百篇。假如一棵大树要倒下来，不论谁去讲情说理，陈规道法，依然改变不了它的命运。2005年8月中旬位于香港政府总部的百年老树，由于大限已到，也不惧权贵，在风雨中照样倒下，造成了尴尬场面。
树艺学的发展就是这样的完全按照大自然的规律，从失败当中吸收经验，从不明当中寻找答案。
*** Our weekly Station Mail is for the information of Station Members only, but Station Mail has given up copyright & can be freely circulated. For administrative reasons, comments from outsiders are usually not entertained & may be circulated within our system locally & overseas. Please note Station Mail is sometimes given in Blog at http://isahkchina.blogspot.com , although images are usually not attached due to size. ***
Dear Station Members,
Attached is another translated article on International Tree Standards given to major newspapers in China during the Chinese New year period. It is the first time ever such an article in depth that the editors have agreed to publish within their domain. This will freshen up the readers in China.
ISA HK/China takes understanding & accepting the quality standards for urban trees as a beginning in Arboriculture, in a place so untouched with international tree practices in the past. Tree design, pruning, maintenance, inspection, risk assessment & protection would try to achieve 'good' trees of health & structure. Without the Tree Standards, how can we work towards the goal?
Once our brothers & sisters accept the international tree standards, they will try to compare their existing trees with quality trees of the world. Being ever so pragmatic, they will find out the many faults of the current tree design & maintenance. Queries, probing & discussions will follow. Here in ISA HK/China, we are waiting await for that. What makes ISA strong from any other arboricultural institute in the world, is our research abilities. Our research come from around the world. It is truly 'international'. We shall let our brothers & sisters be aware of that when they approach us. This will flare ISA in China.
The Station Manger is working hard on other articles in the line to benefit our brothers & sisters a stone throw away. He speaks Mandarin as fluent as his English, & understands China like the back of his hand. He also has excellent connection with the China media & relevant authorities, with his 32 years of dealings in China. This gives ISA HK/China a tremendous edge in our push to bring ISA over there.
If anyone thinks he/she is fit to join in our China Committee, mainly to spread the load for translation at present, please kindly drop us a line. The work will always be in a hurry & sporadic, but your name will go whenever our messages go. This gives you an exposure in its best.
China is big enough to accommodate many. May those pioneers reap their sow later, as China will be a slow starter. However, once started, China will be a charging bull. China also remembers pioneers as a tradition. This happened with the Cold Hardy Palms in the 1990s, when the Station Manger was the first person to develop that in China. Now Cold Hardy Palms are everywhere in China. ISA will be next.
Come & join us if you would. We can take in 2 to 3 more at present, & many more once China begins to heat up.
best regards,
Sammy Au
Station Manager
Registered Consulting Arborist no. RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
Independent Practicing Arborist no. IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-hk-tree-news-14410-report.html)
Certified Arborist / Certified Tree Worker no. HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
"Treatment without in-depth diagnosis & research backup is professional mal-practice. "
"Casual tree assessor gives wanton tree assessment. Mother Nature makes the rules."
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各位会员，
附件是另一篇在农历新年期间己传送给各大中国报章去发表的翻译文章。这也是远年来第一次编辑们同意在其报章刊登有这样深度的文章。这将令中国读者感到焕然一新。
在过去，中国大陆的树木管理末能与国际惯例接轨，本分会认为只有理解与接受市区树木的规格标准，才能导致树艺学发展的开端。合适的树木设计、修剪、维护、检查、风险评估及保护将成就健康和结构良好的树木。没有树木规格标准，树艺工作又能如何达标？
一旦我们的同行们接受国际树木规格标准，他们会比较自家的树木与世界上的优质树木，他们将在目前树木种植及维护中找出很多缺点，问题与讨论将随之而来。对此，本分会正热切等待其来临。当我们的同行接触我们时，我们将让他们知道，是什么让国际树木学会在树艺学上这般强大，正是我们的研究能力。 我们的研究来自世界各地。这是真正的“国际”组织。 ISA将会在中国发扬光大。
本分会会长正在努力翻译其他文章以造福我们的国内同行。 他可以操流利的普通话，亦对中国十分了解。在过去三十二年与中国的交易中，他更与中国的媒体和有关当局建立了非常良好的联系。这将使本分会在推动国际树木学会在国内的发展有着巨大的帮助。
如果您认为阁下适合加入我们的"中国委员会"，主要以分担目前繁重的翻译工作，烦请连络我们。这项工作将会是赶急的及零星的，但您的名字将出现在我们的信息当中，亦会给您带来最佳的发展机会。
中國的市場很大,大到足以容納很多人。開拓者們的收穫在開始時並不會十分顯著，因為中國是一個緩慢的啟動器，但是，一旦開動起来，收穫的增長將如狂牛一般奔前。中國有傳統去記下每一個開拓者，這發生在上世纪九十年代，本分會會長是第一個人在中國大陸開發 "耐寒棕櫚" 的市場，而現在，整個中國都可找到耐寒棕櫚。国际树木学会將是下一個被发展起来。
目前本 "中國委員會" 尚有兩至三個空缺, 請加入我們。
敬祝安康
国际树木学会 中国地区分会 会长
欧永森
顾问树艺师号 RCA#497
(http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
独立执业树艺师号 IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-tree-news-14410-report.html)
注册树艺师 / 注册攀树师号 HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
“不深入诊断和参照研究来批出处方，是专业失当。”
“速成出来的树木评估员，只会作出胡乱的树木评估。大自然会决定成败。”
(以上由莊俊榮 注册树艺师 /市政专家号 HK-0009AM 翻绎。一切内容以英文版本为准。)
国际通用树木规格
国际树木学会 中国地区分会 会长 欧永森
顾问树艺师号 RCA#497 独立执业树艺师号 IPA-010908
注册树艺师 / 注册攀树师号 HK-0174AT
本文所述的 ISA 树木规格建议，主由参考以下文獻写出，可供读者详用参考：
(1) ANSIz60.1-2004
(2) Arboriculture-Integrated Management of Landscape Trees, Shrubs & vines, 4th edition 2004 (Harris, Clark & Matheny)
(3) Arborists’Certification Study Guide 2001 (ISA)
(A) ISA 对使用园林树木的建议规格：
1. 必须要有明显的中央主干 (CENTRAL LEADER)
中央主干俗称树干，是所有分干的接汇处，是在风霜雨雪之时整棵树木承受重力的支持平面。研究指出'主干树'比‘非主干树'在承受外力之时，其结构性表现特强，抗力较高，这也是为何木棉的抗风性比榕树要好。
许多树木在经过人为修剪之后，会自然长出双主干或多主干，ISA要求在整株树木自然高度的2/3以下不能出现双主干或多主干的现象，以免影响其抗风能力。
2. 必须要有 60% 以上的 ‘ 活冠比' (LIVE CROWN RATIO)
‘活冠比' 是指有叶片枝条的高度与整株树木自然高度的比例。举例说，某棵树的自然高度是 10米，而离地面 4米 才有第一枝带叶片的分干长出，这等如此树从地面往上 4米 都只有主干，没有分干。此树的 ‘活冠比' 的计算方法是： 6米 / 10米 = 60 % 活冠比
ISA 认为 ‘活冠比' 在 60% 以上的树木才有足够的叶片去保持此树的正常健康生长，在此以下的树木因为叶片不足而会产生种种生长障碍，例如抗病虫能力低、发根困难、难于开花结果等等。 ISA又认为 '活冠比'在 60% 以下的树木的抗风能力较差，又以单干高球型的树木为甚，此类树木在未完全扎根之前容易随风左摇右摆，从而难以长出新根，容易倒伏。
达到 60% ‘活冠比' 的树木，一般来说会有超过 50% 的叶片长于 2/3 的下部分干，树冠形状有如眼泪滴珠，有利于整株树木结构来抵御强风。
3. 于接合点，分干粗度不超过主干粗度的 50%
树木的主干在往上生长的时候会不断长出横生分干枝条。ISA要求于主干和这些分干的接合之处，分干的粗度不超过主干的粗度的 50%，也就是说长出的分干的粗度在主干粗度的一半以下，而以1/3最为理想。为何ISA 会有如此要求？这是因为研究指出如果分干粗度不达主干粗度50%的话，这个接合点会特别强韧，在风霜雨雪当中不容易折断。树木最大的天敌就是风力，没有良好接口的枝干容易于风中脱落。
4. 分枝分干的布局要求
(a) 在主干里，上一层的分干与下一层的分干的距离大约在全树自然高的 5%。举例说，假如一棵树的自然高度是 10米，则其理想上下层分干距离是 0.5米。
(b) 每层的分干应成螺旋楼梯型状从下往上排列分布，上一层的分干不该与下一层的分干排列在同一方向，造成上下重叠。
(a)与(b)两项要求主要考虑到整株树木重量的平均分布与及枝干在风中抗力的安全性。一株结构良好的大树应该好像一棵巨大的盆景。其实盆景艺术也只不过是一棵大树的缩影。
5. 主干和分干呈现 '干粗收窄' (TAPER)
'干粗收窄' 是指条干的粗度从头端开始，慢慢顺序的往末段收窄，常见的竹荀就是例子之一。物理学告诉我们如果一棵树的主干有若竹荀般往上收窄，其抗风能力一定会比只有平均粗度的主干树木强力的多，在风中不会容易弯曲折断。按照同样道理，分枝干如果也存在 ‘干粗收窄'，分枝干同样会抗风力强。有 ‘干粗收窄'的主干树由于结构性强，承重能力高，往往能够衍生更多枝条和更会长高。
6. 良好的根部系统
一般人购买树木的时候往往花很多精力观察树木的地上部份，而忽略了很重要的地下部份。地下部份主要指根系，没有良好的根部系统会注定苗木移栽的失败。
(a) 地栽苗
ISA 要求根系必须平均分布于主干的周围，而不是边大边小，时有时无。根系还要最少分布到树冠周边的投影线下，以确定有足够支撑能力。在良好的泥土环境中，根系应达 0.6米 至 1米 深度。根系的分布应从主干呈放射状向外伸展，而绝不产生 ‘盘根现象' (GIRDLING ROOT)。'盘根现象' 是指某些大根缠绕着主干下部环绕生长，日后对主干下部造成收握现象，慢慢破坏其生理结构，从而令到树木在种下几年后才被风力推倒。在国外，由于'盘根现象'的产生而导致大树倒塌的案例非常普遍。
(B) 容器栽苗
容器是指苗盆、苗袋或任何用来生产苗木的盛栽器具，不管其装容方式是位于地上部或地下部。容器生产的优点是移栽时候不须要大量断根，但它也有缺点。
如果一棵树木在容器里面生长时间过长，其根系因为不能往外伸展，很容易便长出 '盘根现象'，造成种后倒伏。由此可见，容器苗只有很短的 ‘货架寿命' (SHELF LIFE)，必须在根系长满之时进行移栽，以免产出 ‘盘根现象'。ISA 对容器栽苗除了包括地栽苗的要求以外，会特别留意 '盘根现象' 的产生。
此外，容器栽苗的用土最好与日后移植使用的泥土性质接近，不要选用无土栽培的容器栽苗直接种植到田土里面，因为可能产生排斥而不发根。
(B) 选购 ISA 建议树木规格要注意的地方：
1.苗木的生产方法
如果选用的是容器栽苗，必须注意根部有否产生 ‘盘根现象'。如果容器栽苗是埋在地下生产的话，必须注意根部有否长出容器之外；如果是有的话，则此容器苗应当作地栽苗来处理。
如果选用的是地栽苗，最好先作断根处理。研究发现地栽苗在移植后的成活率一般比容器苗为高和复原速度为快，这可能与生产用土有关。
2.树干及枝条
a. 如果选用单干树，则主干在用手摇动的时候干底只能摇摆在 5度 之内，这点决定此树的札根稳定性。如果选用的单干树呈多主干，又此树能于少量修剪之后能够改为单主干，则此树仍可以被接受，但必须经过树艺师监定同意。
b. 干身不能有大面积的切口或明显的外力损坏，切口直径要在干径的 10% 以下，外力损坏表面的长度或直径要在 50mm 以下，以确保干枝有自我修复能力。
c. 树干下部的临时枝直径不能超过主干粗度的 20%，以免日后剪除时伤口过大，难以修复。
d. 上下层枝条不直线重叠；250mm 以上主干粗的树，上下层枝条距离应在 450mm 左右，较小的树应在 150mm 至 450mm 之间。
e. 分干枝条应以螺旋楼梯型状由下往上平均分布。
f. 分干枝条的直径要在主干直径的 ½ 以下。
g. 上下层分干枝条不会相互碰着摩擦，以免产生伤口。
h. 主干和分干都没有产生 ‘树包皮' 现象(INCLUDED BARK)。 ‘树包皮'是指当两条树干于同一发生点并列生长之时，接触处的树皮在两干之间被含包起来。'树包皮' 现象令两干产生薄弱接口，也令其中一干容易被外力撕裂。
i. 各干枝接口角度不会过窄，一般达到 30度 以上，以避免枝条容易在强风中断裂。
3.树冠
a. 树冠必须园浑饱满，不能边大边小，边有边缺。
b.不同主干直径的最低树冠直径为：
干粗 = 25mm , 冠径 = 1米
= 50mm , = 1.5米
= 125mm , = 3米
c. 合理的根冠比；由于树种各有不同，这点一般由树艺师来决定。
d. 叶片健康，符合正常颜色和大小，没有病虫害。
e. 如果全树只有 5% 以下的叶片有黄化脱落或小量病虫害，经树艺师监定同意后，依然 可以采用。
4.根部
a. 土球的直径要在干径的 10倍 左右，等如干粗每增加 25mm，土球直径将会增加 250mm，又以增加 300mm 最为标准。为何如此？研究指出挖苗时，通常有多达 95% 的根部被遗留在土中。所以土球越大，能带走的根就越多，移苗的成活率也就越高，复原速度也越快。此 1：10主干与土球的比例适用于地栽苗和容器栽苗。
b. 长势健康，新根呈奶白色放射状往外分布。
c. 没有缺陷性根系，例如 ‘J' 状根；没有 ‘盘根现象'。如果采用容器苗，必须没有达干粗 20% 以上的根长出容器以外，以免断根移植后产生 ‘移植痴呆症'。
d. 土球必须札实坚固，不能松散，不能故意塞土进去来加大土球包装。测试土球有否被填土加大，可以采用 ‘推干法'。先把土球固定，然后轻推主干，如果整株推动，证明干根一致。假如干动而土球不动，证明上下分离，包装袋里可能曾被加土。
5.其他
a. 供应的苗木不管是地栽苗或容器栽苗，搬移之前都应该能独立站稳，不须支架撑托。如果须要支架撑托的话，证明其根系尚未发达，不能采用。
b. 采购的苗木最好没有刚施过肥，应等待肥效已过才移栽。
从上述可见，ISA 的建议树木规格是非常合理和全面，每项要求都是经过几十年的研究、探讨和经验累积而成，并非简单的按照某些人或某些机构的喜好来作出决定。
树木种类千变万化，某些树种的自然长态很难达到ISA 要求，故此ISA的树木规格并没有硬性规定到所有的树木种类上，只是适用于一般的园林苗木而已。若要坚持采用特别树种，最好先与树艺师或其他专家商量研究，以免种后制造麻烦。
目前香港/国内的用苗者一般只检查树木的地上部，又以叶片的多少和颜色来决定质量，很少关注支干结构，不介意树身的外力损害，不要求足量土球，不细心检查根系，普遍认为使用前好看的树，移植后照样茁壮。如此用苗的后果是不言而喻，有目共睹。他们不知道叶片纯粹是临时性器官，可长可掉，而支干结构才是令树木长存久有的永久性组织。达标的支干结构和发达的根系令树木抗风力强，而茂密的叶冠并不代表此树已有达标的支干结构。
树艺是一门科学，与园艺非常不同。树艺很少讲究观点与角度，而是根据研究、事实、数据、统计和经验总结而成，ISA 每年发表的树木研究报告超过百篇。假如一棵大树要倒下来，不论谁去讲情说理，陈规道法，依然改变不了它的命运。2005年8月中旬位于香港政府总部的百年老树，由于大限已到，也不惧权贵，在风雨中照样倒下，造成了尴尬场面。
树艺学的发展就是这样的完全按照大自然的规律，从失败当中吸收经验，从不明当中寻找答案。
Wednesday, February 2, 2011
ISA HK/China --- 树艺学是甚麽?
Dear Station Members,
Attached is another translated article we have sent to major China newspapers for their publishment during the Chinese New Year period. Why we pick this time is because the readers will be relaxed to read our work in details in company with their friends & associates. This is what we have learned over the years while circulating 'new' information in China. In other times, they will be read in a hurry & usually dumped aside afterwards.
Please note we are authoring under the title of "International" Society of Arboriculture. In China, they have a policy of ranking reception in accordance with the level of representation of the opposite side. Therefore, the highest rank is "International", then "Continental", "National", "Provincial", "City", "County" & "Village". If the organization is "HK", then it will be taken in as the "City" level, & given the reception to that category. This will include the degree of credibility & level of internal circulation within the bureaucracy in the massive government system in China. As ISA is "International", we shall be given the respect & treatment in the highest level.
We have told the newspapers in China that all our submitted articles bear no copyright, i.e. it can be copied freely by anybody. We target this to the great copycats of China & want them to propagate our messages within their abilities. This does not look silly. It is in fact tactical. Because whatever & however they distort our information in their own names, they'll need to come to our ISA exams if they want to be qualified. At present, we are the ISA proctors & guard the standards; whereas they are not. At best they can create something "National", which is below "Continental" or "International".
ISA HK/China knows China well & is capable to develop this immense market. May all those who are still watching come to us soonest to join us, because the early bird catches the worm.
best regards,
Sammy Au
Station Manager
Registered Consulting Arborist no. RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
Independent Practicing Arborist no. IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-hk-tree-news-14410-report.html)
ISA Certified Arborist / Certified Tree Worker no. HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
"Treatment without diagnosis is mal-practice. "
"If you train casual tree assessors, you'll get wanton tree assessment. Mother Nature makes the rules."
各位会员，
附件是在农历新年期间己传送给各大中国报章去发表的另一篇翻译文章。为何我们选择这个时间呢？因为读者将会在此时侯悠闲的与他们的同事及拍挡详尽的阅读我们的作品。这是我们多年来在中国发放 ”新” 讯息所学习到的。在其它时候，他们只会匆匆一看及在事后把资料搁在一旁。
请留意，我们是附属 " 国际” 树木学会的机构。在中国，政府的政策是看对方所代表的程度而分等级接待。所以，最高等级的是” 国际” ，然后是” 洲际” ，”国家” ，” 省” ，” 市” ，” 镇” 及” 村” 。假若某机构的名字只是 ” 香港XXXX” ，这将会被认定为 " 市” 的等级，而会受到下四个等级的水平来接待。这涉及中国庞大政府制度官僚架构认受性及内部流通的层次。既然ISA是” 国际” 的，我们将会受到最高层次的尊敬和接待。
我们曾经告诉中国所有的报社，我们呈上的文章统统不涉版权。即是说，文章可以由任何人自由抄印。我们的目标是希望国内的模仿者尽他们能力将我们的讯息散播开去。看似很傻，实际是战略。因为无论他们如何歪曲我们的信息，若他们想得到ISA的专业牌照，他们仍需参加我们的考试。目前，我们是ISA的唯一考牌官及捍卫著所有ISA的标准，而其他人不是。他们最多能自创一些 ” 国家” 级的水平，但这仍然是在” 洲际” 或” 国际” 等别之下呢！
本分会对中国情况非常了解，及有能力去推广发展ISA到这庞大市场。希望那些仍然在观望的朋友们尽快加入我们行列，因为早起的鸟儿一定会先吃虫子 (捷足先登) 。
敬祝安康
国际树木学会 中国地区分会 会长
欧永森
顾问树艺师号 RCA#497
(http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
独立执业树艺师号 IPA-010908
(http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-tree-news-14410-report.html)
注册树艺师 / 注册攀树师号 HK-0174AT
(http://www.isa-arbor.com/)
"不诊断就治疗，是冒险行为。”
"速成出来的树木评估员，只会作出胡乱的树木评估。大自然会决定成败。”
(以上由 周志贤 注册树艺师号 HK-0280A翻绎。一切内容以英文版本为准。)
"树艺"(ARBORICULTURE) 这个名词在国内可算是非常新鲜，有人以为它是盆景艺术，有人以为它是园艺的一部份，在许多常用的英汉字典里，"树艺" 的英文名字也根本找不到，哪究竟 "树艺" 是什麽？
按照国际树木学会 (INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ARBORICULTURE, 简称 ISA) 的说法，"树艺" 一词是被解析为 '高大木本植物的选种、培育、种植和护养，尤以市区里种植的树木为然'。这段解析表面看上去非常简单，似乎已是老生常谈，但是学习树艺的人会告诉你，不要被它的表面解析哄到，其实它里面大有文章。
要了解 "树艺" 究竟是什麽，或且我们可以从树艺工作者的受训范围开始探讨，"树艺师" 的工作范围或多或少给我们认识到什麽叫 "树艺"。
ISA是目前世界上最大和历史最久的树艺组织，成立于1924年，现有会员超过 20,000名，分布在全球50个国家里。ISA有一套国际公认的 "注冊树艺师" (CERTIFIED ARBORIST) 的考牌制度，况且我们参考一下作为一个 "注冊树艺师" 要求接受什麽的训练：
1. 树木营养学和施肥方法
这里除了涉及一般的大量原素、微量元素、泥土反应、有/无机肥知识等等，还要学习木本植物在不同环境对元素的吸收方法，更要懂得计算施肥份量和施肥方法。除了明白手施方法以外，更要学习机施、液施和注施等手法和它们之间的优劣，也要学习泥土添加剂的功能和效果。 ANSI A300 是管制住树艺施肥的标准，必须熟习。
2. 树木分类学和选种方法
这里涉及基本的分类学知识和拉丁学名知识，树艺工作者从看到指定树木后，要求能从它的树形、叶片、花果、种子、树皮和其他特性把它分辫出来；又要求在严冬落叶之时，能够从顶芽形状来作出分类。选种方面则涉及所挑选的品种是否合适配套到种植环境和现场要求，例如是否在高压电线下种上迅速向上长的速生桉，或且是否在马路边种上横长的细叶榕等等问题。树艺工作者要学习微侯环境对所种树木的影响，和树木根部发展对地上下设施有否损坏。学习如何在苗圃选苗也是这区课题之一。
3. 栽种和护养
这里涉及全根、包装土球 (BALL & BURLAPPED) 和容器生产的选苗之间的优劣比较和栽种方法。ISA并不认为容器生产出来的苗的日后长势会比包装土球的苗要好，这点与香港/国内目前追求的袋苗生产大有不同。ISA也不赞成把土球栽种深过泥土表面，因为如此会影响日后发根。ISA不建议改造种下土球的周边泥土，因为树根很快便会长出这个范围。树艺工作者要学习挖取土球的正确方法，和在栽种后固定新苗的方法和其优劣，也要学习移植痴呆症对搬移苗的影响和恢复方法。
4. 树上工作安全守则
这里主要涉及树艺工作者在攀树时候的种种安全设备和操作守则，里面包括个人防护装备 (PPE) 知识、电力知识、机动链锯使用及其安全守则、倒树锯法、木材粉碎机使用方法、基本急救学和认识及防犯有毒昆虫和植物。在美国，攀爬树木曾是全国危险工作评估的第二名，紧贴于阿拉斯卡捕渔之后，因此ISA对安全训练特别留意，可说是宁枉无纵。ANSI z133.1 是管理树艺安全的国际标准，树艺工作者对其必须深入了解。
5. 树木生物学
这里涉及基本的细胞学和树木的根、茎、叶、花、果和种子的生理学，也要学习各部位的生长方法。其他学习范围包括树木的呼吸、蒸发、吸收、光合作用、荷尔蒙运行、创伤板隔化等等。值得一提的是 '创伤板隔化' (COMPARTMENTALIZATION OF DECAY IN TREES) 这个理念在国内还不普遍，国内还仃留在 '创伤木' 这个比较老旧的观念上徘徊。
6. 树木修剪學
这里涉及一项香港/国内树木工作者比较薄弱的环节，就是为何要对树木作出修剪、什麽时侯可以修剪、应该如何修剪和剪后树木会作出什麽反应。ISA提倡"好树必须要有好的结构"，结构树比在香港/国内常见的非结构树在抗风性和消减护养费上都有优点，而大部份的ISA修剪方法都是为了创造结构树来进行。ISA的修剪方法基本上只有三种：除枝法 (REMOVAL)、减枝法 (REDUCTION) 和 砍顶法 (TOPPING/HEADING)。国内一般奉行的修剪方法是ISA的砍顶法，其他方法很少见到。管理树艺修剪的标准有ANSI A300，树艺工作者对此必须熟习。
7. 树木、土壤与水份的相互关系
树木一般都是长在泥土里，土壤的结构对根部的发展有巨大影响，也影响著泥土水份供应和储存。这里涉及学习不同土壤的供水保水能力和改造方法，太多和太少水份对树木的生理影响，森林土壤与市区土壤的结构分别，对树木要求的水份的供应方法和其优劣，移植树木时候的水份管理，覆盖物和防挥发油的应用和优劣等等。
8. 树木病态诊断和治理
在诊断树木病态时，树艺工作者必须拥有丰富知识，经验和锐利的观察力。树艺工作者必须懂得检查树木的叶片、茎干和根部是否出现问题，而诱因是生物性 (BIOTIC)，还是环境性 (ABIOTIC)？ 此诱因对树木将会产生如何的压力 (STRESS)，而这压力是即效性 (ACUTE)，还是长效性 (CHRONIC)？在找出诱因后，树艺工作者要研究如何去改变或对付这诱因，是否须要他人或什麽部门来协助解决困难。这些统统都是树艺工作者必须掌握的技巧。
9. 人文、树木和环境学
这里主修树木在人类社会的贡献，和树木与环境之间的互动关系。在西方先进社会，许多研究均指出普种优良树木的社区，出现人民健康得到提高，生态环境可以改善，罪恶发生率产生下降的种种现象。种上优态树木的开发区也会令地皮涨价，楼价上升。合理的城市树木配置会令耗电量下降，污染减少，噪音低下，空气素质上升，达到了环保效果。树艺工作者须要懂得如何合理的把树木设汁融入到社区建设里，去达到优良效果。
10. 高空钢索固定弱枝和树木防雷
对某些有历史文物价值的古老乔木，由于树龄或环境因素的影响，会出现树干批裂或局部折断的结构性损坏，从而须要利用钢索在空中把受影响的枝条加以固定。ISA有一套高空钢索固定的规则和方法，而且受到ANSIA300树艺标准的监管，树艺工作者对其必须认识。此外，高大乔木往往受到雷击威胁，连带影响树下的建筑物和游人。在有须要装置防雷设施之时，树艺工作者必须熟悉其设计和安装方法。
11. 工地树木保护
隋著社会的进步，人民对环保意识的加强，工地里的树木已经从以前的乱砍乱伐变成现在的受到保护。在工地里去提出保护树木方案，往往令树艺工作者变成众矢之的，备受攻击。所以树艺工作者必须学习如何可以设计出一套树木保护方案令各施工方能夠接受，而且树木是真正得到保护。可行方法包括有划定保育范围、加铺覆盖物、减免地表改动、采用隧道绕过树根、地上下管道和人行径远离树木等等。在推行方面，树艺工作者须要学习如何进行良好的沟通方法和与各方讨价还价的手段。
12. 危险树木评估
由于环境因素和日久失修，许多以前种下去的苗木在长大后都会变成"非结构树"，更有部份受到风雨损坏而产生折裂。也有很多苗木由于过往的修剪不当而产生树体腐烂。也有苗木受风力影响，作出倾斜。所有生长不良或树体受损的树木都有机会变成危险树，在风力作用下折断枝干或倾倒下来，造成人命财产的损失或道路封闭。按照ISA的训练，树艺工作者对危险树木的评估主要包括三方面：被评树木的潜在隐患程度，造成树木倒下的环境诱因，和潜在目标。树艺工作者必须对每方面的评估方法辽如指掌，加上细心观察，再综合经验，才可以作出正确评估。
从以上ISA树艺工作者的训练，可以简接简单的介绍了 "树艺学" 是什麽。树艺在国内可能还是新兴行业，但在西方先进国家已经流行了八十多年，ISA虽于1924年成立和目前拥有全球会员超过20,000名，我国(除了香港) 在2011年还没有一人参加了这个组织。我国公民到西方旅游时候都赞叹人家的树木宏偉壮观，原来人家背后有一群辛劳的树艺工作者在付出努力，默默耕耘。
在1893年，伟大的革命先行者孙中山先立生以平民身份写出 "上李鸿章书"，里面提到 "中国欲强，必须急兴农学，讲究树艺"。过百年过去了，目标似乎还在前面，抚今追昔，是否 "同志仍须努力"？
Attached is another translated article we have sent to major China newspapers for their publishment during the Chinese New Year period. Why we pick this time is because the readers will be relaxed to read our work in details in company with their friends & associates. This is what we have learned over the years while circulating 'new' information in China. In other times, they will be read in a hurry & usually dumped aside afterwards.
Please note we are authoring under the title of "International" Society of Arboriculture. In China, they have a policy of ranking reception in accordance with the level of representation of the opposite side. Therefore, the highest rank is "International", then "Continental", "National", "Provincial", "City", "County" & "Village". If the organization is "HK", then it will be taken in as the "City" level, & given the reception to that category. This will include the degree of credibility & level of internal circulation within the bureaucracy in the massive government system in China. As ISA is "International", we shall be given the respect & treatment in the highest level.
We have told the newspapers in China that all our submitted articles bear no copyright, i.e. it can be copied freely by anybody. We target this to the great copycats of China & want them to propagate our messages within their abilities. This does not look silly. It is in fact tactical. Because whatever & however they distort our information in their own names, they'll need to come to our ISA exams if they want to be qualified. At present, we are the ISA proctors & guard the standards; whereas they are not. At best they can create something "National", which is below "Continental" or "International".
ISA HK/China knows China well & is capable to develop this immense market. May all those who are still watching come to us soonest to join us, because the early bird catches the worm.
best regards,
Sammy Au
Station Manager
Registered Consulting Arborist no. RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
Independent Practicing Arborist no. IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-hk-tree-news-14410-report.html)
ISA Certified Arborist / Certified Tree Worker no. HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
"Treatment without diagnosis is mal-practice. "
"If you train casual tree assessors, you'll get wanton tree assessment. Mother Nature makes the rules."
各位会员，
附件是在农历新年期间己传送给各大中国报章去发表的另一篇翻译文章。为何我们选择这个时间呢？因为读者将会在此时侯悠闲的与他们的同事及拍挡详尽的阅读我们的作品。这是我们多年来在中国发放 ”新” 讯息所学习到的。在其它时候，他们只会匆匆一看及在事后把资料搁在一旁。
请留意，我们是附属 " 国际” 树木学会的机构。在中国，政府的政策是看对方所代表的程度而分等级接待。所以，最高等级的是” 国际” ，然后是” 洲际” ，”国家” ，” 省” ，” 市” ，” 镇” 及” 村” 。假若某机构的名字只是 ” 香港XXXX” ，这将会被认定为 " 市” 的等级，而会受到下四个等级的水平来接待。这涉及中国庞大政府制度官僚架构认受性及内部流通的层次。既然ISA是” 国际” 的，我们将会受到最高层次的尊敬和接待。
我们曾经告诉中国所有的报社，我们呈上的文章统统不涉版权。即是说，文章可以由任何人自由抄印。我们的目标是希望国内的模仿者尽他们能力将我们的讯息散播开去。看似很傻，实际是战略。因为无论他们如何歪曲我们的信息，若他们想得到ISA的专业牌照，他们仍需参加我们的考试。目前，我们是ISA的唯一考牌官及捍卫著所有ISA的标准，而其他人不是。他们最多能自创一些 ” 国家” 级的水平，但这仍然是在” 洲际” 或” 国际” 等别之下呢！
本分会对中国情况非常了解，及有能力去推广发展ISA到这庞大市场。希望那些仍然在观望的朋友们尽快加入我们行列，因为早起的鸟儿一定会先吃虫子 (捷足先登) 。
敬祝安康
国际树木学会 中国地区分会 会长
欧永森
顾问树艺师号 RCA#497
(http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
独立执业树艺师号 IPA-010908
(http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-tree-news-14410-report.html)
注册树艺师 / 注册攀树师号 HK-0174AT
(http://www.isa-arbor.com/)
"不诊断就治疗，是冒险行为。”
"速成出来的树木评估员，只会作出胡乱的树木评估。大自然会决定成败。”
(以上由 周志贤 注册树艺师号 HK-0280A翻绎。一切内容以英文版本为准。)
树艺学是什麽
国际树木学会 中国地区分会 会长 欧永森
顾问树艺师号 RCA#497
独立执业树艺师号 IPA-010908
注册树艺师 / 注册攀树师号 HK-0174AT
"树艺"(ARBORICULTURE) 这个名词在国内可算是非常新鲜，有人以为它是盆景艺术，有人以为它是园艺的一部份，在许多常用的英汉字典里，"树艺" 的英文名字也根本找不到，哪究竟 "树艺" 是什麽？
按照国际树木学会 (INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ARBORICULTURE, 简称 ISA) 的说法，"树艺" 一词是被解析为 '高大木本植物的选种、培育、种植和护养，尤以市区里种植的树木为然'。这段解析表面看上去非常简单，似乎已是老生常谈，但是学习树艺的人会告诉你，不要被它的表面解析哄到，其实它里面大有文章。
要了解 "树艺" 究竟是什麽，或且我们可以从树艺工作者的受训范围开始探讨，"树艺师" 的工作范围或多或少给我们认识到什麽叫 "树艺"。
ISA是目前世界上最大和历史最久的树艺组织，成立于1924年，现有会员超过 20,000名，分布在全球50个国家里。ISA有一套国际公认的 "注冊树艺师" (CERTIFIED ARBORIST) 的考牌制度，况且我们参考一下作为一个 "注冊树艺师" 要求接受什麽的训练：
1. 树木营养学和施肥方法
这里除了涉及一般的大量原素、微量元素、泥土反应、有/无机肥知识等等，还要学习木本植物在不同环境对元素的吸收方法，更要懂得计算施肥份量和施肥方法。除了明白手施方法以外，更要学习机施、液施和注施等手法和它们之间的优劣，也要学习泥土添加剂的功能和效果。 ANSI A300 是管制住树艺施肥的标准，必须熟习。
2. 树木分类学和选种方法
这里涉及基本的分类学知识和拉丁学名知识，树艺工作者从看到指定树木后，要求能从它的树形、叶片、花果、种子、树皮和其他特性把它分辫出来；又要求在严冬落叶之时，能够从顶芽形状来作出分类。选种方面则涉及所挑选的品种是否合适配套到种植环境和现场要求，例如是否在高压电线下种上迅速向上长的速生桉，或且是否在马路边种上横长的细叶榕等等问题。树艺工作者要学习微侯环境对所种树木的影响，和树木根部发展对地上下设施有否损坏。学习如何在苗圃选苗也是这区课题之一。
3. 栽种和护养
这里涉及全根、包装土球 (BALL & BURLAPPED) 和容器生产的选苗之间的优劣比较和栽种方法。ISA并不认为容器生产出来的苗的日后长势会比包装土球的苗要好，这点与香港/国内目前追求的袋苗生产大有不同。ISA也不赞成把土球栽种深过泥土表面，因为如此会影响日后发根。ISA不建议改造种下土球的周边泥土，因为树根很快便会长出这个范围。树艺工作者要学习挖取土球的正确方法，和在栽种后固定新苗的方法和其优劣，也要学习移植痴呆症对搬移苗的影响和恢复方法。
4. 树上工作安全守则
这里主要涉及树艺工作者在攀树时候的种种安全设备和操作守则，里面包括个人防护装备 (PPE) 知识、电力知识、机动链锯使用及其安全守则、倒树锯法、木材粉碎机使用方法、基本急救学和认识及防犯有毒昆虫和植物。在美国，攀爬树木曾是全国危险工作评估的第二名，紧贴于阿拉斯卡捕渔之后，因此ISA对安全训练特别留意，可说是宁枉无纵。ANSI z133.1 是管理树艺安全的国际标准，树艺工作者对其必须深入了解。
5. 树木生物学
这里涉及基本的细胞学和树木的根、茎、叶、花、果和种子的生理学，也要学习各部位的生长方法。其他学习范围包括树木的呼吸、蒸发、吸收、光合作用、荷尔蒙运行、创伤板隔化等等。值得一提的是 '创伤板隔化' (COMPARTMENTALIZATION OF DECAY IN TREES) 这个理念在国内还不普遍，国内还仃留在 '创伤木' 这个比较老旧的观念上徘徊。
6. 树木修剪學
这里涉及一项香港/国内树木工作者比较薄弱的环节，就是为何要对树木作出修剪、什麽时侯可以修剪、应该如何修剪和剪后树木会作出什麽反应。ISA提倡"好树必须要有好的结构"，结构树比在香港/国内常见的非结构树在抗风性和消减护养费上都有优点，而大部份的ISA修剪方法都是为了创造结构树来进行。ISA的修剪方法基本上只有三种：除枝法 (REMOVAL)、减枝法 (REDUCTION) 和 砍顶法 (TOPPING/HEADING)。国内一般奉行的修剪方法是ISA的砍顶法，其他方法很少见到。管理树艺修剪的标准有ANSI A300，树艺工作者对此必须熟习。
7. 树木、土壤与水份的相互关系
树木一般都是长在泥土里，土壤的结构对根部的发展有巨大影响，也影响著泥土水份供应和储存。这里涉及学习不同土壤的供水保水能力和改造方法，太多和太少水份对树木的生理影响，森林土壤与市区土壤的结构分别，对树木要求的水份的供应方法和其优劣，移植树木时候的水份管理，覆盖物和防挥发油的应用和优劣等等。
8. 树木病态诊断和治理
在诊断树木病态时，树艺工作者必须拥有丰富知识，经验和锐利的观察力。树艺工作者必须懂得检查树木的叶片、茎干和根部是否出现问题，而诱因是生物性 (BIOTIC)，还是环境性 (ABIOTIC)？ 此诱因对树木将会产生如何的压力 (STRESS)，而这压力是即效性 (ACUTE)，还是长效性 (CHRONIC)？在找出诱因后，树艺工作者要研究如何去改变或对付这诱因，是否须要他人或什麽部门来协助解决困难。这些统统都是树艺工作者必须掌握的技巧。
9. 人文、树木和环境学
这里主修树木在人类社会的贡献，和树木与环境之间的互动关系。在西方先进社会，许多研究均指出普种优良树木的社区，出现人民健康得到提高，生态环境可以改善，罪恶发生率产生下降的种种现象。种上优态树木的开发区也会令地皮涨价，楼价上升。合理的城市树木配置会令耗电量下降，污染减少，噪音低下，空气素质上升，达到了环保效果。树艺工作者须要懂得如何合理的把树木设汁融入到社区建设里，去达到优良效果。
10. 高空钢索固定弱枝和树木防雷
对某些有历史文物价值的古老乔木，由于树龄或环境因素的影响，会出现树干批裂或局部折断的结构性损坏，从而须要利用钢索在空中把受影响的枝条加以固定。ISA有一套高空钢索固定的规则和方法，而且受到ANSIA300树艺标准的监管，树艺工作者对其必须认识。此外，高大乔木往往受到雷击威胁，连带影响树下的建筑物和游人。在有须要装置防雷设施之时，树艺工作者必须熟悉其设计和安装方法。
11. 工地树木保护
隋著社会的进步，人民对环保意识的加强，工地里的树木已经从以前的乱砍乱伐变成现在的受到保护。在工地里去提出保护树木方案，往往令树艺工作者变成众矢之的，备受攻击。所以树艺工作者必须学习如何可以设计出一套树木保护方案令各施工方能夠接受，而且树木是真正得到保护。可行方法包括有划定保育范围、加铺覆盖物、减免地表改动、采用隧道绕过树根、地上下管道和人行径远离树木等等。在推行方面，树艺工作者须要学习如何进行良好的沟通方法和与各方讨价还价的手段。
12. 危险树木评估
由于环境因素和日久失修，许多以前种下去的苗木在长大后都会变成"非结构树"，更有部份受到风雨损坏而产生折裂。也有很多苗木由于过往的修剪不当而产生树体腐烂。也有苗木受风力影响，作出倾斜。所有生长不良或树体受损的树木都有机会变成危险树，在风力作用下折断枝干或倾倒下来，造成人命财产的损失或道路封闭。按照ISA的训练，树艺工作者对危险树木的评估主要包括三方面：被评树木的潜在隐患程度，造成树木倒下的环境诱因，和潜在目标。树艺工作者必须对每方面的评估方法辽如指掌，加上细心观察，再综合经验，才可以作出正确评估。
从以上ISA树艺工作者的训练，可以简接简单的介绍了 "树艺学" 是什麽。树艺在国内可能还是新兴行业，但在西方先进国家已经流行了八十多年，ISA虽于1924年成立和目前拥有全球会员超过20,000名，我国(除了香港) 在2011年还没有一人参加了这个组织。我国公民到西方旅游时候都赞叹人家的树木宏偉壮观，原来人家背后有一群辛劳的树艺工作者在付出努力，默默耕耘。
在1893年，伟大的革命先行者孙中山先立生以平民身份写出 "上李鸿章书"，里面提到 "中国欲强，必须急兴农学，讲究树艺"。过百年过去了，目标似乎还在前面，抚今追昔，是否 "同志仍须努力"？
Tuesday, January 25, 2011
ISA HK/China --- HK Tree News (Public Tree Board, episode 2)
国内朋友请使用翻译软件阅读本文 (http://translate.google.com.hk/?hl=en&tab=wT#enzh-CN)。
*** Our weekly Station Mail is for the information of Station Members only, but Station Mail has given up copyright & can be freely circulated. For administrative reasons, comments from outsiders are usually not entertained & may be circulated within our system locally & overseas. Please note Station Mail is sometimes given in Blog at http://isahkchina.blogspot.com , although images are usually not attached due to size. ***
Dear Station Members,
Underneath are two recent counts of public challenge on Tree Work by Govt authorities in HK. The public were raising concern on the justification of the events.
ISA HK/China would compare the pruning event of consulting a Horticultural Unit & then a Landscape Contractor for advice & action, with seeking medical judgment from a Veterinary Surgeon & then operating by a butcher, on a human. Where are the Arborists?
ISA HK/China has never become involved with any public complaint of above. We are not interested to. The public will exercise their rights. Western municipalities have set up Public Tree Board (PTB, http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-public-tree-board.html) to deal with such enquiries with success over the years. It calms social sentiments. Without it, public challenges just keep on coming.
Remember ISA HK/China had proposed the Arboricultural Office (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2007/07/isa-hkchina-imaginary-arboricultural.html) way back in July 16, 2007? Would anyone care to compare it with the Tree Management Office of today?
Would HK set up the first PTB in Asia to lead the rest?
best regards,
Sammy Au
Station Manager
Registered Consulting Arborist no. RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
Independent Practicing Arborist no. IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-hk-tree-news-14410-report.html)
ISA Certified Arborist / Certified Tree Worker no. HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
"Treatment without diagnosis is mal-practice. "
"If you train casual tree assessors, you'll get wanton tree assessment. Mother Nature makes the rules."
各位好!
以下是最近两宗有关香港政府部门护理树木的事件，事件引起公众关注，并质疑政府部门的处理手法及依据。
本分会认为就修剪树木来寻求园艺组及树木承办商的意见共执行，就好像找兽医替人断症，然后再找屠夫来进行手术一样。哪树艺师何在？
本分会从未涉及任何公众投诉。我们对此并不感兴趣，公众会行使他们的权利，西方市政府成立 "公众树木议会" (PTB, http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-public-tree-board.html), 多年以来成功处理有关投诉，这能平息社会的不安情绪，没有它，公众的投诉只会持续。
记得本分会曾在2007年7月16日建议成立 "树艺办公室" 吗？(http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2007/07/isa-hkchina-imaginary-arboricultural.html) 大家会把它跟现今的 "树木办" 比较吗？
香港可以成立亚洲首个 "公众树木议会"，敢亚洲之先吗？
祝各位新年进步，身体安康！
此致
国际树木学会 中国地区分会 会长
欧永森
顾问树艺师号 RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
执业树艺师号 IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-hk-tree-news-14410-report.html)
注册树艺师 / 注册攀树师号 HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
(翻译: 莊俊榮, 注册树艺师 /市政专家号 HK-0009AM (www.isa-arbor.com) ， 一切内容，以英语版本为准)
投訴：榕樹無故被砍 居民不滿
樹木有綠化環境之效，為社區帶來生氣，惟需愛惜與保護。房屋署近日派員到荃灣福來邨修剪三棵榕樹，不過，邨民陳先生指有關樹木外貌壯健，質疑沒有修剪必要，「啲樹生得好茂盛，無端端點解要斬咁一截？」
榕樹遭截枝，市民質疑房署修剪不當。
荃灣區議員羅少傑認為，市民近年對保育環境關注程度與日俱增，房署應交代砍伐樹木理據，「係咪想一次過剪多啲第時做少啲？房署收到投訴應該要畀人知道修剪嘅原因！」
房署發言人指出，屋邨辦事處一直經常巡查監察樹木生長情況，如有需要會修剪或滅蟲，並徵詢該署園藝組及樹木承辦商專業意見。由於有關樹木部分枝葉伸出行人通道及馬路，對行人引起不便及影響駕駛者的視線，經樹木承辦商檢查及評估後，才對生長過分茂密枝葉作適當修剪。
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
康文署又砍百年榕樹
【本報訊】康文署昨移除一棵有近百年歷史的細葉榕，指樹根部受真菌感染無法復原，有潛在倒塌危險。古樹名木又少一棵，樹木專家批評當局經常「先斬後奏」，令公眾無法得悉砍樹是否有必要，要求當局提高護理樹木的透明度。
位於九龍城的近百年細葉榕，昨被康文署移除。
被砍古樹名木細葉榕編號LCSD KC/5，高約十八米，位於九龍城雅息士道休憩花園。
康文署指一直定期檢查該樹，去年八月中旬以前並無發現異樣，但八月下旬突然發現該樹不尋常落葉，即時進行護理，包括修剪枯枝和鬆開樹穴表層泥土，改善空氣及水分滲透，並諮詢專家意見。但該樹健康情況數月來無改善，去年十一月底檢查時證實枯萎。
樹木專家小組及發展局樹木管理辦事處審視後，指該樹無法復原，並有倒塌危險，故須移除。當局初步懷疑該樹或受真菌感染，會繼續了解樹木健康惡化的原因，亦會監察花園內其他樹木的狀況並進行護理。康文署強調，只在沒有其他可行方法時才會移除問題樹木。
專家斥先斬後奏
樹木專家兼港大地理系講座教授詹志勇表示，該棵細葉榕至少有八十至一百年歷史，批評康文署砍樹前未有公布樹木的健康情況，令公眾無從判斷砍樹的必要性，「幾乎棵棵大樹都有真菌㗎啦，次次都先斬後奏再話棵樹有病，根本無辦法印證棵樹係咪爛到救唔到。」
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** Our weekly Station Mail is for the information of Station Members only, but Station Mail has given up copyright & can be freely circulated. For administrative reasons, comments from outsiders are usually not entertained & may be circulated within our system locally & overseas. Please note Station Mail is sometimes given in Blog at http://isahkchina.blogspot.com , although images are usually not attached due to size. ***
Dear Station Members,
Underneath are two recent counts of public challenge on Tree Work by Govt authorities in HK. The public were raising concern on the justification of the events.
ISA HK/China would compare the pruning event of consulting a Horticultural Unit & then a Landscape Contractor for advice & action, with seeking medical judgment from a Veterinary Surgeon & then operating by a butcher, on a human. Where are the Arborists?
ISA HK/China has never become involved with any public complaint of above. We are not interested to. The public will exercise their rights. Western municipalities have set up Public Tree Board (PTB, http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-public-tree-board.html) to deal with such enquiries with success over the years. It calms social sentiments. Without it, public challenges just keep on coming.
Remember ISA HK/China had proposed the Arboricultural Office (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2007/07/isa-hkchina-imaginary-arboricultural.html) way back in July 16, 2007? Would anyone care to compare it with the Tree Management Office of today?
Would HK set up the first PTB in Asia to lead the rest?
best regards,
Sammy Au
Station Manager
Registered Consulting Arborist no. RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
Independent Practicing Arborist no. IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-hk-tree-news-14410-report.html)
ISA Certified Arborist / Certified Tree Worker no. HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
"Treatment without diagnosis is mal-practice. "
"If you train casual tree assessors, you'll get wanton tree assessment. Mother Nature makes the rules."
各位好!
以下是最近两宗有关香港政府部门护理树木的事件，事件引起公众关注，并质疑政府部门的处理手法及依据。
本分会认为就修剪树木来寻求园艺组及树木承办商的意见共执行，就好像找兽医替人断症，然后再找屠夫来进行手术一样。哪树艺师何在？
本分会从未涉及任何公众投诉。我们对此并不感兴趣，公众会行使他们的权利，西方市政府成立 "公众树木议会" (PTB, http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-public-tree-board.html), 多年以来成功处理有关投诉，这能平息社会的不安情绪，没有它，公众的投诉只会持续。
记得本分会曾在2007年7月16日建议成立 "树艺办公室" 吗？(http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2007/07/isa-hkchina-imaginary-arboricultural.html) 大家会把它跟现今的 "树木办" 比较吗？
香港可以成立亚洲首个 "公众树木议会"，敢亚洲之先吗？
祝各位新年进步，身体安康！
此致
国际树木学会 中国地区分会 会长
欧永森
顾问树艺师号 RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
执业树艺师号 IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-hk-tree-news-14410-report.html)
注册树艺师 / 注册攀树师号 HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
(翻译: 莊俊榮, 注册树艺师 /市政专家号 HK-0009AM (www.isa-arbor.com) ， 一切内容，以英语版本为准)
投訴：榕樹無故被砍 居民不滿
樹木有綠化環境之效，為社區帶來生氣，惟需愛惜與保護。房屋署近日派員到荃灣福來邨修剪三棵榕樹，不過，邨民陳先生指有關樹木外貌壯健，質疑沒有修剪必要，「啲樹生得好茂盛，無端端點解要斬咁一截？」
榕樹遭截枝，市民質疑房署修剪不當。
荃灣區議員羅少傑認為，市民近年對保育環境關注程度與日俱增，房署應交代砍伐樹木理據，「係咪想一次過剪多啲第時做少啲？房署收到投訴應該要畀人知道修剪嘅原因！」
房署發言人指出，屋邨辦事處一直經常巡查監察樹木生長情況，如有需要會修剪或滅蟲，並徵詢該署園藝組及樹木承辦商專業意見。由於有關樹木部分枝葉伸出行人通道及馬路，對行人引起不便及影響駕駛者的視線，經樹木承辦商檢查及評估後，才對生長過分茂密枝葉作適當修剪。
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
康文署又砍百年榕樹
【本報訊】康文署昨移除一棵有近百年歷史的細葉榕，指樹根部受真菌感染無法復原，有潛在倒塌危險。古樹名木又少一棵，樹木專家批評當局經常「先斬後奏」，令公眾無法得悉砍樹是否有必要，要求當局提高護理樹木的透明度。
位於九龍城的近百年細葉榕，昨被康文署移除。
被砍古樹名木細葉榕編號LCSD KC/5，高約十八米，位於九龍城雅息士道休憩花園。
康文署指一直定期檢查該樹，去年八月中旬以前並無發現異樣，但八月下旬突然發現該樹不尋常落葉，即時進行護理，包括修剪枯枝和鬆開樹穴表層泥土，改善空氣及水分滲透，並諮詢專家意見。但該樹健康情況數月來無改善，去年十一月底檢查時證實枯萎。
樹木專家小組及發展局樹木管理辦事處審視後，指該樹無法復原，並有倒塌危險，故須移除。當局初步懷疑該樹或受真菌感染，會繼續了解樹木健康惡化的原因，亦會監察花園內其他樹木的狀況並進行護理。康文署強調，只在沒有其他可行方法時才會移除問題樹木。
專家斥先斬後奏
樹木專家兼港大地理系講座教授詹志勇表示，該棵細葉榕至少有八十至一百年歷史，批評康文署砍樹前未有公布樹木的健康情況，令公眾無從判斷砍樹的必要性，「幾乎棵棵大樹都有真菌㗎啦，次次都先斬後奏再話棵樹有病，根本無辦法印證棵樹係咪爛到救唔到。」
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Friday, January 21, 2011
ISA HK/China --- 树艺是什麼 (Simplified Chinese)
Dear Station Members,
The attached essay is a recent article in Simplified Chinese that we have sent to major newspapers in China to promote ISA Arboriculture.
On the other hand, we think you, as a Station Member, can help us to disseminate this message into your contacts in China, through your existing channels to help promote ISA over there. Please note that Station Mail has given up copyright, & can be copied & used freely by anybody for educational purpose & promotion of ISA. Please therefore feel free to propagate it at your wish.
Thank you very much for helping ISA to enter China.
best regards,
Sammy Au
Station Manager
各位会员，
附件是一篇我们己经传送到中国各大报张，用来宣传 国际树木学会 树艺知识的最近期文章。
另一方面，作为会员一份子的你，能够协助我们将这讯息散播到你在中国所接触的层面，通过现存渠道在中国宣传国际树木学会。请留意，本会的公开信息是不含版权的，可以自由转录作为教育用途，及用作宣传国际树木学会。故此可按个人方便而将此讯息转播。
感谢您协助国际树木学会进入中国。
敬祝安康
国际树木学会中国地区分会会长
欧永森
(译者：周志贤，国际树木学会 注册树艺师号 HK-0280A。一切内容以英文版本为准。)
树艺是什麼？
国际树木学会 中国地区分会 会长 欧永森
树艺 ( Arboriculture )是一门专科研究树木在绿化功能上有关设计、选料、种植(包括移植) 、护养、修剪、定期检查、风险评估、工地保护和法律资询的一个专业，主力专注城市内的树木。树艺并不相等於园艺，可说是两个完全不同的学术领域，最接近的比较可能是兽医与人医，而树艺是等同人医。
国际树木学会 (International Society of Arboriculture，简称 ISA , www.isa-arbor.com) 是目前全球最大及历史最悠久的树艺研究和教育机构，始于1924年成立。由於是国际组织，其官方语言是使用英语，这也是为何ISA迟迟未能在远东地区顺利开拓的主因。
截至2011年1月为止，ISA 在全球 50个国家以上均有会员分佈，合共拥有2万5千名以上的注册树艺师 ( Certified Arborist ) 及9百名以上的 注册攀树师 ( Certified Tree Worker Climber Specialist )，在各个绿化领域作出贡献。ISA的会员大都集中在政府部门和学术科研机构，也有一部份是行业专业人员。
位于香港的 国际树木学会中国地区分会ISA HK/CHINA ( http://isahkchina.blogspot.com ) 是ISA 位於中国地区的唯一分会，管理ISA在香港、澳门、台湾及中国大陆的会务，当中包括树艺知识传播和训练，专业牌照考试和管理，树木修剪和攀爬，参于本地及海外会议，进行互访交流，及提供公众谘询等等会务。在ISA的任务结构下，会务与会员之间的业务是完全独立分开的，会务当中不包含业务，这是ISA操作优越的其中一环。
在专业牌照系统里，除了 “注册树艺师” 和 “注册攀树师” 两个国际牌照资格以外，中国地区再设有 “认可树艺师” (Qualified Arborist)、 “执业树艺师” (Independent Practicing Arborist) 、和 “顾问树艺师” (Registered Consulting Arborist) 的地区专业资格，作为认証本地区内的行业水平。
ISA HK/CHINA 目前是免费加入，不设年龄，学历，资格或任何限制，欢迎有兴趣人士参与，详情请溜览以上网址或电邮至 egc@netvigator.com查询。
树艺师 的工作是什麼？
简单来说，树艺师的两大功能就是作为「树木医生」Tree Doctor 和 「树木侦探」Tree Detective。
人病了，会去找医生诊症。树木生长不良，也要去找「树木医生」来作出诊断，而并非自我凭空决定。树木的诊断工作通常包括检测树木在设计上是否出错、选料是否妥当、栽种是否合理、护理是否正常、有否受到环境因素 ( Abiotic Stress ) 或生理因素 (Biotic Stress) 影响生长、树木的状况会否对周边人命财产构成风险 ( Risk Assessment ) 、应该如何作出处理 ( Treatment ) 等等。
如果不处理有病或存在风险的树木，树木可能会发生断枝或倒塌的危险，造成人命伤亡和财产破坏。香港在2006年、2008年和2010年都发生过断枝或塌树致命的意外，在社会上造成极大迴响。当如此情况发生时， 受害者 ( Victims ) 可以聘用合资格及富经验的树艺师 (例如下述的 ‘认可树艺师’ 、‘执业树艺师’ 和 ‘顾问树艺师’ 等) 作为「树木侦探」去对整件事故作出深入调查，按照国际守则来作出分析判断，然后写出「树艺师报告」(Arborist Report) 呈上法庭，从而追究应有责任和赔偿。
城市里面的树木风险很少是由大自然自我产生，而大部份都涉及人为错误(设计、栽种、护养等等)，树艺师要由其中找出理由和责任一般非常容易，而对方如果采用 ‘人力不可抗拒’(Act of God) 来作为事故借口，在一个公正的审判中经常难以成立。
树艺师很多时候被聘作法庭上的「技术证人」(Expert Witness) ，去指证意外事故起因及厘定责任，为事故找寻事实 ( Fact-Finding ) 和道出真相 ( Truth-Telling )。这也是树艺行业和其他绿色事业最大不同之处。
树艺师其他的日常工作也包括树木设计选料、栽种和移植监工、日常养护监察、工地树木保护、和提供教育训练等等。西方国家里，有关树木的事情都由树艺师去处理，这也是为何西方国家的树木栽种有它不同的外貌和特色的原因。
'注册树艺师’ 的投考资格及牌照细则
1. 报考人年龄必须在18岁以上及从事树艺行业3年以上；
2. 或，拥有ISA承认的2年制树艺本科大学学位及同时从事树艺行业2年以上；
3. 或，拥有ISA承认的4年制树艺本科大学学位及同时从事树艺行业1年以上。
4. 符合上述条件者，可前往 https://secure.isa-arbor.com/mbrappl/certificationApplication.aspx?ID=1 下载有关申请表报考。
5. 注册树艺师的申请报考、正式考试和一切通信，只采用国际水平英语。
6. 注册树艺师的牌照有效期是3年，所有注册树艺师必须於此期间内取获30学分(CEU)方可申请续牌，否则需要重考。
7. 请参阅 http://www.isa-arbor.com/certification/certification.aspx 去取得其他详情。
‘认可树艺师’ 的投考资格及牌照细则
1. 持有任何大学学位，或持有市级政府部门发出文件去証明报考人有10年以上树木工作经验。
2. 同时是ISA会员和ISA HK/China会员；
3. 持有 ‘注册树艺师’ 牌照3年以上并已续牌；
4. 拥有80学分(CEU) 以上，而当中25%以上并不来自攀树活动；
5. 已参加ISA国际年会最少一次；
6. 通过 ‘树艺师报告’ 考核合格。
7. 此牌照的申请报考、正式考试和一切通信，只采用国际水平英语。
8. 此牌照的有效期是跟随 ‘注册树艺师’ 的有效期，如‘注册树艺师’ 的牌照失效，则此牌照同时失效。
9. 请参阅http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/09/isa-hkchina-qualified-arborist-qa.html去取得其他详情。
‘执业树艺师’ 的投考资格及牌照细则
1. 持有 ‘注册树艺师’ 牌照3年以上并已续牌；
2. 同时持有 ‘注册攀树师’ 牌照；
3. 已参加ISA国际年会最少一次；
4. 持有 ‘A’ level English Language或同等资历﹔
5. 持有 ‘O’ level Law或同等资历﹔
6. 能够展示出在离地10米以上的树上，使用电油锯将50公斤重以上的木条安全切割，及使用溜缆方式作45度安全下降；
7. 此牌照的申请报考、正式考试和一切通信，只采用国际水平英语；
8. 此牌照的有效期是跟随 ‘注册树艺师’ 的有效期，如‘注册树艺师’ 的牌照失效，则此牌照同时失效。
9. 请参阅http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-hk-tree-news-14410-report.html去取得其他详情。
‘顾问树艺师’ 的投考资格及牌照细则
1. 必需成为 ‘美洲顾问树艺师学会’(www.asca-consultants.org) 的会员﹔
2. 已持有 Registered Consulting Arborist的牌照号 (RCA#)﹔(注: 从1960年代至今，只有500人左右取得RCA#，而当中在世的只有大概300人）
3. 已参加ISA国际年会最少一次；
4. 同时是ISA会员和ISA HK/China会员；
5. 此牌照的申请报考、正式考试和一切通信，只采用国际水平英语；
6. 此牌照的有效期是跟随 ‘注册树艺师’ 的有效期，如‘注册树艺师’ 的牌照失效，则此牌照同时失效。
7. 请参阅http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html去取得其他详情。
攀树师 的工作是什麼？
当树艺师被视为文职人员之时，攀树师则可被视为现场操作人员。攀树师的任务往往是执行树艺师的指令，令整个计划得以实践。成为攀树师殊不容易，必须智勇双全，其高空工作性质涉及高度危险性，并非普通技术人员能够克服。
攀树师牌照对学历要求不高，亦是所有树艺牌照当中可以使用本土语言考核的牌照，较为合适低学历但有志气毅力的年青人入行。
攀树师的主要工作范围包括：
1. 设计及执行所有树上工作，包括攀爬、修剪、流缆、固定和移除高大树木、安装野外观察摄录器材、拆除蜂、蚁巢、及拯救树上动物等等。
2. 熟习各种攀树技巧、绳缆锁扣；安全操作电油链锯、掌握基本锯木流缆技术。
3. 指挥其他工种人员配合树木工作。
4. 教育及训练初级攀爬人员，其中包括 “康乐攀爬” 和 “职业攀爬”。
注册攀树师 的投考资格及牌照细则
1. 报考人的年龄必须在19岁半以上。
2. 报考人必须自购意外保险来参加考试。
3. 报考人必须持有认可的攀爬树木资历18个月以上。
4. 报考人必须持有 ‘空中拯救’训练证明书。
5. 报考人必须持有ISA认可的国际机构发出的 ‘急救员’证明书。
6. 符合上述条件者，可前往 http://www.isa-arbor.com/certification/treeworker.aspx 下载有关申请表报考。
7. 注册攀树师的申请报考和一切通信，只采用国际水平英语。
8. 注册攀树师的考试分为笔试和操作试两部份，可以选用中文或英文进行考试。
9. 注册攀树师的牌照有效期是3年，所有注册树艺师必须於此期间内取获15学分(CEU)方可申请续牌，否则需要重考。
10. 请参阅 http://www.isa-arbor.com/certification/treeworker.aspx 去取得其他详情。
ISA HK/CHINA 对本会的树艺师 及 攀树师 都要求遵受本分会会规内的“ 诚信、专业、参与社会、找寻事实、及道出真相 ” ( Integrity, Professionalism, Participation, Fact-Finding & Truth-Telling )，违者受到本会的严正纪律处分。
树艺名言
1. 所谓 “美丽” 或”好看”的树木在国际上并没有绝对鉴验标准，但树木的 “结构” 和 “健康” 则有。
2. 如果一棵树在设计、选料、护养、修剪、定期检查、或风险评估当中犯错，则此树最终不会成为社会资产，反会成为大众包袱。
3. 在未有作出专业诊断就胡乱开出树木“处方”(例如修剪)，在国际上被认定是鲁莽行为。
4. 树木的种养最终会由大自然去决定成败，而并非由设计人员。
5. 一棵胡乱护理的大树最终会变成一个定时炸弹。
6. 树艺师 就是 “树木医生” 和 “树木侦探”。
Sammy Au 15.1.2011
The attached essay is a recent article in Simplified Chinese that we have sent to major newspapers in China to promote ISA Arboriculture.
On the other hand, we think you, as a Station Member, can help us to disseminate this message into your contacts in China, through your existing channels to help promote ISA over there. Please note that Station Mail has given up copyright, & can be copied & used freely by anybody for educational purpose & promotion of ISA. Please therefore feel free to propagate it at your wish.
Thank you very much for helping ISA to enter China.
best regards,
Sammy Au
Station Manager
各位会员，
附件是一篇我们己经传送到中国各大报张，用来宣传 国际树木学会 树艺知识的最近期文章。
另一方面，作为会员一份子的你，能够协助我们将这讯息散播到你在中国所接触的层面，通过现存渠道在中国宣传国际树木学会。请留意，本会的公开信息是不含版权的，可以自由转录作为教育用途，及用作宣传国际树木学会。故此可按个人方便而将此讯息转播。
感谢您协助国际树木学会进入中国。
敬祝安康
国际树木学会中国地区分会会长
欧永森
(译者：周志贤，国际树木学会 注册树艺师号 HK-0280A。一切内容以英文版本为准。)
树艺是什麼？
国际树木学会 中国地区分会 会长 欧永森
树艺 ( Arboriculture )是一门专科研究树木在绿化功能上有关设计、选料、种植(包括移植) 、护养、修剪、定期检查、风险评估、工地保护和法律资询的一个专业，主力专注城市内的树木。树艺并不相等於园艺，可说是两个完全不同的学术领域，最接近的比较可能是兽医与人医，而树艺是等同人医。
国际树木学会 (International Society of Arboriculture，简称 ISA , www.isa-arbor.com) 是目前全球最大及历史最悠久的树艺研究和教育机构，始于1924年成立。由於是国际组织，其官方语言是使用英语，这也是为何ISA迟迟未能在远东地区顺利开拓的主因。
截至2011年1月为止，ISA 在全球 50个国家以上均有会员分佈，合共拥有2万5千名以上的注册树艺师 ( Certified Arborist ) 及9百名以上的 注册攀树师 ( Certified Tree Worker Climber Specialist )，在各个绿化领域作出贡献。ISA的会员大都集中在政府部门和学术科研机构，也有一部份是行业专业人员。
位于香港的 国际树木学会中国地区分会ISA HK/CHINA ( http://isahkchina.blogspot.com ) 是ISA 位於中国地区的唯一分会，管理ISA在香港、澳门、台湾及中国大陆的会务，当中包括树艺知识传播和训练，专业牌照考试和管理，树木修剪和攀爬，参于本地及海外会议，进行互访交流，及提供公众谘询等等会务。在ISA的任务结构下，会务与会员之间的业务是完全独立分开的，会务当中不包含业务，这是ISA操作优越的其中一环。
在专业牌照系统里，除了 “注册树艺师” 和 “注册攀树师” 两个国际牌照资格以外，中国地区再设有 “认可树艺师” (Qualified Arborist)、 “执业树艺师” (Independent Practicing Arborist) 、和 “顾问树艺师” (Registered Consulting Arborist) 的地区专业资格，作为认証本地区内的行业水平。
ISA HK/CHINA 目前是免费加入，不设年龄，学历，资格或任何限制，欢迎有兴趣人士参与，详情请溜览以上网址或电邮至 egc@netvigator.com查询。
树艺师 的工作是什麼？
简单来说，树艺师的两大功能就是作为「树木医生」Tree Doctor 和 「树木侦探」Tree Detective。
人病了，会去找医生诊症。树木生长不良，也要去找「树木医生」来作出诊断，而并非自我凭空决定。树木的诊断工作通常包括检测树木在设计上是否出错、选料是否妥当、栽种是否合理、护理是否正常、有否受到环境因素 ( Abiotic Stress ) 或生理因素 (Biotic Stress) 影响生长、树木的状况会否对周边人命财产构成风险 ( Risk Assessment ) 、应该如何作出处理 ( Treatment ) 等等。
如果不处理有病或存在风险的树木，树木可能会发生断枝或倒塌的危险，造成人命伤亡和财产破坏。香港在2006年、2008年和2010年都发生过断枝或塌树致命的意外，在社会上造成极大迴响。当如此情况发生时， 受害者 ( Victims ) 可以聘用合资格及富经验的树艺师 (例如下述的 ‘认可树艺师’ 、‘执业树艺师’ 和 ‘顾问树艺师’ 等) 作为「树木侦探」去对整件事故作出深入调查，按照国际守则来作出分析判断，然后写出「树艺师报告」(Arborist Report) 呈上法庭，从而追究应有责任和赔偿。
城市里面的树木风险很少是由大自然自我产生，而大部份都涉及人为错误(设计、栽种、护养等等)，树艺师要由其中找出理由和责任一般非常容易，而对方如果采用 ‘人力不可抗拒’(Act of God) 来作为事故借口，在一个公正的审判中经常难以成立。
树艺师很多时候被聘作法庭上的「技术证人」(Expert Witness) ，去指证意外事故起因及厘定责任，为事故找寻事实 ( Fact-Finding ) 和道出真相 ( Truth-Telling )。这也是树艺行业和其他绿色事业最大不同之处。
树艺师其他的日常工作也包括树木设计选料、栽种和移植监工、日常养护监察、工地树木保护、和提供教育训练等等。西方国家里，有关树木的事情都由树艺师去处理，这也是为何西方国家的树木栽种有它不同的外貌和特色的原因。
'注册树艺师’ 的投考资格及牌照细则
1. 报考人年龄必须在18岁以上及从事树艺行业3年以上；
2. 或，拥有ISA承认的2年制树艺本科大学学位及同时从事树艺行业2年以上；
3. 或，拥有ISA承认的4年制树艺本科大学学位及同时从事树艺行业1年以上。
4. 符合上述条件者，可前往 https://secure.isa-arbor.com/mbrappl/certificationApplication.aspx?ID=1 下载有关申请表报考。
5. 注册树艺师的申请报考、正式考试和一切通信，只采用国际水平英语。
6. 注册树艺师的牌照有效期是3年，所有注册树艺师必须於此期间内取获30学分(CEU)方可申请续牌，否则需要重考。
7. 请参阅 http://www.isa-arbor.com/certification/certification.aspx 去取得其他详情。
‘认可树艺师’ 的投考资格及牌照细则
1. 持有任何大学学位，或持有市级政府部门发出文件去証明报考人有10年以上树木工作经验。
2. 同时是ISA会员和ISA HK/China会员；
3. 持有 ‘注册树艺师’ 牌照3年以上并已续牌；
4. 拥有80学分(CEU) 以上，而当中25%以上并不来自攀树活动；
5. 已参加ISA国际年会最少一次；
6. 通过 ‘树艺师报告’ 考核合格。
7. 此牌照的申请报考、正式考试和一切通信，只采用国际水平英语。
8. 此牌照的有效期是跟随 ‘注册树艺师’ 的有效期，如‘注册树艺师’ 的牌照失效，则此牌照同时失效。
9. 请参阅http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/09/isa-hkchina-qualified-arborist-qa.html去取得其他详情。
‘执业树艺师’ 的投考资格及牌照细则
1. 持有 ‘注册树艺师’ 牌照3年以上并已续牌；
2. 同时持有 ‘注册攀树师’ 牌照；
3. 已参加ISA国际年会最少一次；
4. 持有 ‘A’ level English Language或同等资历﹔
5. 持有 ‘O’ level Law或同等资历﹔
6. 能够展示出在离地10米以上的树上，使用电油锯将50公斤重以上的木条安全切割，及使用溜缆方式作45度安全下降；
7. 此牌照的申请报考、正式考试和一切通信，只采用国际水平英语；
8. 此牌照的有效期是跟随 ‘注册树艺师’ 的有效期，如‘注册树艺师’ 的牌照失效，则此牌照同时失效。
9. 请参阅http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-hk-tree-news-14410-report.html去取得其他详情。
‘顾问树艺师’ 的投考资格及牌照细则
1. 必需成为 ‘美洲顾问树艺师学会’(www.asca-consultants.org) 的会员﹔
2. 已持有 Registered Consulting Arborist的牌照号 (RCA#)﹔(注: 从1960年代至今，只有500人左右取得RCA#，而当中在世的只有大概300人）
3. 已参加ISA国际年会最少一次；
4. 同时是ISA会员和ISA HK/China会员；
5. 此牌照的申请报考、正式考试和一切通信，只采用国际水平英语；
6. 此牌照的有效期是跟随 ‘注册树艺师’ 的有效期，如‘注册树艺师’ 的牌照失效，则此牌照同时失效。
7. 请参阅http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html去取得其他详情。
攀树师 的工作是什麼？
当树艺师被视为文职人员之时，攀树师则可被视为现场操作人员。攀树师的任务往往是执行树艺师的指令，令整个计划得以实践。成为攀树师殊不容易，必须智勇双全，其高空工作性质涉及高度危险性，并非普通技术人员能够克服。
攀树师牌照对学历要求不高，亦是所有树艺牌照当中可以使用本土语言考核的牌照，较为合适低学历但有志气毅力的年青人入行。
攀树师的主要工作范围包括：
1. 设计及执行所有树上工作，包括攀爬、修剪、流缆、固定和移除高大树木、安装野外观察摄录器材、拆除蜂、蚁巢、及拯救树上动物等等。
2. 熟习各种攀树技巧、绳缆锁扣；安全操作电油链锯、掌握基本锯木流缆技术。
3. 指挥其他工种人员配合树木工作。
4. 教育及训练初级攀爬人员，其中包括 “康乐攀爬” 和 “职业攀爬”。
注册攀树师 的投考资格及牌照细则
1. 报考人的年龄必须在19岁半以上。
2. 报考人必须自购意外保险来参加考试。
3. 报考人必须持有认可的攀爬树木资历18个月以上。
4. 报考人必须持有 ‘空中拯救’训练证明书。
5. 报考人必须持有ISA认可的国际机构发出的 ‘急救员’证明书。
6. 符合上述条件者，可前往 http://www.isa-arbor.com/certification/treeworker.aspx 下载有关申请表报考。
7. 注册攀树师的申请报考和一切通信，只采用国际水平英语。
8. 注册攀树师的考试分为笔试和操作试两部份，可以选用中文或英文进行考试。
9. 注册攀树师的牌照有效期是3年，所有注册树艺师必须於此期间内取获15学分(CEU)方可申请续牌，否则需要重考。
10. 请参阅 http://www.isa-arbor.com/certification/treeworker.aspx 去取得其他详情。
ISA HK/CHINA 对本会的树艺师 及 攀树师 都要求遵受本分会会规内的“ 诚信、专业、参与社会、找寻事实、及道出真相 ” ( Integrity, Professionalism, Participation, Fact-Finding & Truth-Telling )，违者受到本会的严正纪律处分。
树艺名言
1. 所谓 “美丽” 或”好看”的树木在国际上并没有绝对鉴验标准，但树木的 “结构” 和 “健康” 则有。
2. 如果一棵树在设计、选料、护养、修剪、定期检查、或风险评估当中犯错，则此树最终不会成为社会资产，反会成为大众包袱。
3. 在未有作出专业诊断就胡乱开出树木“处方”(例如修剪)，在国际上被认定是鲁莽行为。
4. 树木的种养最终会由大自然去决定成败，而并非由设计人员。
5. 一棵胡乱护理的大树最终会变成一个定时炸弹。
6. 树艺师 就是 “树木医生” 和 “树木侦探”。
Sammy Au 15.1.2011
Tuesday, January 18, 2011
ISA HK/China --- China Committee
Dear Station Members,
ISA HK/China is pleased to inform you that we have recently set up the very important China Committee to help us enter the China market. Please check out our latest Organization Chart in the attachment.
The Station Manager will initially take up the lead of the China Committee with his past connection & influence in China Greenery. The Committee currently consists of two Committee Members, namely Thomas Chow & John Chong, both working as volunteers to contribute their time & effort to bring ISA into the Land of Old Dragons. We shall continue to recruit the right personnel with knowledge, integrity & passion to man the China Committee, & we shall do so without prejudice.
Thomas Chow is a retired teacher of Fung Kai Secondary School who now runs his own consultancy company called China Arbor Ltd. John Chong is a partner of Muni Arborists Ltd which is perhaps the largest arboricultural consultancy for Govt & private sectors in HK at present. Thomas has a degree in Economics, & John possesses a MPhil in Biology. Both are Certified Arborist, & speak good Mandarin to promote ISA in China.
The first task of the Committee Members will be to translate our Station Mail into Simplified Chinese for public viewing within China. Station Mail is the corner stone of ISA HK/China, & it has an immense impact on the greenery industry in our territory. With it now to be in Simplified Chinese, our brothers & sisters will not need to use translation software to obtain guessing messages. The translation of Station Mail will need to be done quickly by our Committee Members, in fact to be within 24 hours since we need to win on speed. Station Mail will need to catch the right sentiment at the right time. Otherwise, only English messages will appear.
Therefore, if we do no get a steady flow of weekly Station Mail because of the translation, the pressure will be on these Committee Members. All our 1,500+ Station Members & overseas partners will be reading this. That's why not everyone can serve as a Committee Member in this important China Committee.
ISA HK/China is now growing & expanding like a rising sun. The Station Manager is known to be a determined man, & he will live up his pledge to bring ISA into China. This is also the expectation of ISA HQ & our Station Members. We have also not forgotten our overseas partners, as we shall bring them in along with us. China is a big enough market to accommodate everybody, & their bigger trees in their 900+ cities now will need our care.
Support your China Committee. To our local Station Members, set your eyes away from just HK. There is a virgin land full of greener pastures up north waiting for us to explore. This is how we can sustain our growth for the next generation & more.
Let us work hand in hand to open up this Final Frontier with our Integrity, Professionalism, Participation, Fact-finding & Truth-telling. Let us promote proper arboriculture with research & education, along with the benefits of trees to our brothers & sisters.
We shall have faith, & China will be ours.
best regards,
Sammy Au
Station Manager
Registered Consulting Arborist no. RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
Independent Practicing Arborist no. IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-hk-tree-news-14410-report.html)
ISA Certified Arborist / Certified Tree Worker no. HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
ISA HK/China is pleased to inform you that we have recently set up the very important China Committee to help us enter the China market. Please check out our latest Organization Chart in the attachment.
The Station Manager will initially take up the lead of the China Committee with his past connection & influence in China Greenery. The Committee currently consists of two Committee Members, namely Thomas Chow & John Chong, both working as volunteers to contribute their time & effort to bring ISA into the Land of Old Dragons. We shall continue to recruit the right personnel with knowledge, integrity & passion to man the China Committee, & we shall do so without prejudice.
Thomas Chow is a retired teacher of Fung Kai Secondary School who now runs his own consultancy company called China Arbor Ltd. John Chong is a partner of Muni Arborists Ltd which is perhaps the largest arboricultural consultancy for Govt & private sectors in HK at present. Thomas has a degree in Economics, & John possesses a MPhil in Biology. Both are Certified Arborist, & speak good Mandarin to promote ISA in China.
The first task of the Committee Members will be to translate our Station Mail into Simplified Chinese for public viewing within China. Station Mail is the corner stone of ISA HK/China, & it has an immense impact on the greenery industry in our territory. With it now to be in Simplified Chinese, our brothers & sisters will not need to use translation software to obtain guessing messages. The translation of Station Mail will need to be done quickly by our Committee Members, in fact to be within 24 hours since we need to win on speed. Station Mail will need to catch the right sentiment at the right time. Otherwise, only English messages will appear.
Therefore, if we do no get a steady flow of weekly Station Mail because of the translation, the pressure will be on these Committee Members. All our 1,500+ Station Members & overseas partners will be reading this. That's why not everyone can serve as a Committee Member in this important China Committee.
ISA HK/China is now growing & expanding like a rising sun. The Station Manager is known to be a determined man, & he will live up his pledge to bring ISA into China. This is also the expectation of ISA HQ & our Station Members. We have also not forgotten our overseas partners, as we shall bring them in along with us. China is a big enough market to accommodate everybody, & their bigger trees in their 900+ cities now will need our care.
Support your China Committee. To our local Station Members, set your eyes away from just HK. There is a virgin land full of greener pastures up north waiting for us to explore. This is how we can sustain our growth for the next generation & more.
Let us work hand in hand to open up this Final Frontier with our Integrity, Professionalism, Participation, Fact-finding & Truth-telling. Let us promote proper arboriculture with research & education, along with the benefits of trees to our brothers & sisters.
We shall have faith, & China will be ours.
best regards,
Sammy Au
Station Manager
Registered Consulting Arborist no. RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
Independent Practicing Arborist no. IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-hk-tree-news-14410-report.html)
ISA Certified Arborist / Certified Tree Worker no. HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
Friday, January 14, 2011
ISA HK/China --- HK Tree News (Running ISA HK/China by Locals)
国内朋友请使用翻译软件阅读本文 (http://translate.google.com.hk/?hl=en&tab=wT#en
zh-CN)。
*** Our weekly Station Mail is for the information of Station Members only, but Station Mail has given up copyright & can be freely circulated. For administrative reasons, comments from outsiders are usually not entertained & may be circulated within our system locally & overseas. Please note Station Mail is sometimes given in Blog at http://isahkchina.blogspot.com , although images are usually not attached due to size. ***
Dear Station Members,
The following news would be a sensitive issue before 1997 in HK - "The British CEO of the West Kowloon Cultural Complex recently resigned on "Health" ground ". However, we should read the commentary without prejudice but with pragmatism, as ISA HK/China faces similar challenge during our beginning in 2005 to until now.
Some locals in HK would not believe that ISA HK/China would do well under the leadership of our own locals. The Station Manager (SM) has been challengd quite a number of time for a string of events locally & overseas on this suspicion. Training opportunities & official meetings in HK rarely invite ISA HK/China. This in a way has driven us towards working with the media & politicians, who show positive appreciation on us.
On the other hand, ISA HQ does not think the same as such. When ISA Staff came down to visit us back in 2006, we were told that from the 80+ years of experience in developing ISA Chapters, only the locals can do it well for ISA. The SM was encouraged to become the Chief Proctor & Chapter Liaison in our territory of HK, Macau, Taiwan & China. With this vision, ISA HK/China has grown from a 350+ no. in 2006, to the present 1,500+ Station Membership, & is still going strong.
ISA HK/China is now the fastest expanding ISA Organization in the world, & we run the biggest Certified Arborist exam with 200 seats in Oct 2010. We are formulating our plan to enter China, & our first round of literature barrage will land in major China newspapers during the coming Chinese New Year.
At the same time, ISA HK/China has never shut ourselves from networking with arboricultural organizations around the world. We actually encourage them to come & share their knowledge & expertise with us, at a cost if necessary. This is evident in our constant broadcast of training opportunities in Singapore, Australia & New Zealand, in addition to that of ISA. We positively encourage our Station Members to attend international events, & ask them to share with us when they return. Would the same happen if ISA HK/China is manned by another national?
ISA HK/China has recruited 6 Deputy Station Mangers & established 6 committes to continue our development. We shall form a China Committee very soon to take ISA into China. We constantly set our eyes for the right professionals to work with us as volunteers. We have adopted the appointment system of Govt Depts in our structure, instead of election to ensure discipline & efficiency. This has proven us great success.
IF some say that ISA HK/China is led wrongly with our locals, we have to see the evidence to believe that. At present, no such proof exists anywhere.
ISA HK/China will remain a transparent & inclusive organization to welcome all the good people from around the world, & we'll do so in the best interest of ISA, & to achieve the ISA Mission along with our culture & attitude to show the world.
best regards,
Sammy Au
Station Manager
Registered Consulting Arborist no. RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
Independent Practicing Arborist no. IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-hk-tree-news-14410-report.html)
ISA Certified Arborist / Certified Tree Worker no. HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
"If a tree is not designed, installed, maintained & inspected properly, it is likely to become a liability rather than an asset."
"Trees are good for the community. Trees need care like human beings. Arborists are the Tree Care Professionals."
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洋總裁倉皇辭廟 西九殘局怎收拾
一波未平一波又起，西九文化區管理局高層再有人事變動，繼前行政總監程少泉年前閃電辭職後，來自英國、上任僅五個月的行政總裁謝卓飛，昨日突然以健康理由請辭，令人愕然。謝卓飛突然劈炮，到底是真的健康有問題，還是另有隱情，不能不令人質疑。
想當初，當局大鑼大鼓展開全球招聘，好不容易才在眾多應徵者選中曾擔任倫敦巴比肯中心藝術總監的謝卓飛。而謝卓飛本人亦躊躇滿志，矢志將西九打造成世界級文化藝術中心，又揚言有信心將巴比肯中心的成功經驗帶到香港。詎料話音剛落，他自己就意興闌珊，無心戀戰，令人啼笑皆非。謝卓飛來也匆匆，去也匆匆，壯志未酬先劈炮，也未免太過兒戲了。
面對各方疑慮，身兼西九管理局主席的政務司司長唐英年僅透露，謝卓飛去年聖誕節前已通知管理局辭職決定，除此之外，他便以尊重私隱為由，拒絕公布更多詳情。
正因為當局閃爍其詞，諱莫如深，令事件更顯得撲朔迷離。有文化界人士透露，謝卓飛曾表示未能適應本港官僚制度及政治環境，反映官方干預太多，是西九先後有高層離職的結構性原因。亦有人揣測，謝卓飛來港後因文化差異而「水土不服」。
西九文化區作為港府十大建設項目之一，其行政總裁薪金豐厚，位高權重，說來就來，說走就走，實在不合常理。退一步說，就算謝卓飛真的因健康理由劈炮，如果當局在招聘過程中能對應聘者作更全面考慮，例如加入健康因素，又何至於出現今天這種尷尬局面？
事件真相到底如何，外界無從判斷，但西九管理局官僚習氣嚴重卻是不爭的事實。○九年，程少泉獲委任為西九行政總監，但上任僅七天便因為「個人理由」辭職。當時外界盛傳，程少泉一向於私人機構任職，不慣在公營機構被綁手綁腳，不得不黯然離去。難怪有人批評，公營機構暮氣沉沉，掣肘多多，一個再優秀的人才，跌入這個官僚大醬缸內，也難有用武之地。事實上，去年謝卓飛獲委任行政總裁時，本報就已預言，他與西九管理層的磨合將是一個難題，結果不幸而言中。
至於謝卓飛被指在文化上「水土不服」，亦是意料中事。當初外界對謝卓飛的最大質疑是，他雖然有管理大型國際藝術中心的經驗，具一定國際視野，但對本港文化一無所知，很難帶動香港民間文化藝術的發展；何況謝卓飛在倫敦的經驗毀譽參半，是否堪當重任，不無疑問。只可惜當局一味迷信洋人，以為外來和尚會唸經，結果經還沒開始唸，外來和尚卻跑掉了。
事實證明，橘越淮而枳，「過江龍」未必一定勝過「本地薑」。大家只要看看，本港不少機構重金禮聘外國人掛帥，表現往往不外如是，昂坪纜車聘用澳洲公司管理，醫管局聘請外國人做行政總裁，無不搞得亂七八糟，最後還是要由本地人收拾殘局。不管怎麼說，當局必須從今次事件吸取教訓，打破「外來和尚會唸經」的迷思，物色一個真正認識香港文化、對香港有歸屬感的人才管理西九。
鐵打的衙門流水的官，人事更替不奇怪，怪的是西九大計十畫還沒一撇，就已接連出現高層辭官歸故里的鬧劇，所謂打造世界級文化藝術中心，不知從何說起。
zh-CN)。
*** Our weekly Station Mail is for the information of Station Members only, but Station Mail has given up copyright & can be freely circulated. For administrative reasons, comments from outsiders are usually not entertained & may be circulated within our system locally & overseas. Please note Station Mail is sometimes given in Blog at http://isahkchina.blogspot.com , although images are usually not attached due to size. ***
Dear Station Members,
The following news would be a sensitive issue before 1997 in HK - "The British CEO of the West Kowloon Cultural Complex recently resigned on "Health" ground ". However, we should read the commentary without prejudice but with pragmatism, as ISA HK/China faces similar challenge during our beginning in 2005 to until now.
Some locals in HK would not believe that ISA HK/China would do well under the leadership of our own locals. The Station Manager (SM) has been challengd quite a number of time for a string of events locally & overseas on this suspicion. Training opportunities & official meetings in HK rarely invite ISA HK/China. This in a way has driven us towards working with the media & politicians, who show positive appreciation on us.
On the other hand, ISA HQ does not think the same as such. When ISA Staff came down to visit us back in 2006, we were told that from the 80+ years of experience in developing ISA Chapters, only the locals can do it well for ISA. The SM was encouraged to become the Chief Proctor & Chapter Liaison in our territory of HK, Macau, Taiwan & China. With this vision, ISA HK/China has grown from a 350+ no. in 2006, to the present 1,500+ Station Membership, & is still going strong.
ISA HK/China is now the fastest expanding ISA Organization in the world, & we run the biggest Certified Arborist exam with 200 seats in Oct 2010. We are formulating our plan to enter China, & our first round of literature barrage will land in major China newspapers during the coming Chinese New Year.
At the same time, ISA HK/China has never shut ourselves from networking with arboricultural organizations around the world. We actually encourage them to come & share their knowledge & expertise with us, at a cost if necessary. This is evident in our constant broadcast of training opportunities in Singapore, Australia & New Zealand, in addition to that of ISA. We positively encourage our Station Members to attend international events, & ask them to share with us when they return. Would the same happen if ISA HK/China is manned by another national?
ISA HK/China has recruited 6 Deputy Station Mangers & established 6 committes to continue our development. We shall form a China Committee very soon to take ISA into China. We constantly set our eyes for the right professionals to work with us as volunteers. We have adopted the appointment system of Govt Depts in our structure, instead of election to ensure discipline & efficiency. This has proven us great success.
IF some say that ISA HK/China is led wrongly with our locals, we have to see the evidence to believe that. At present, no such proof exists anywhere.
ISA HK/China will remain a transparent & inclusive organization to welcome all the good people from around the world, & we'll do so in the best interest of ISA, & to achieve the ISA Mission along with our culture & attitude to show the world.
best regards,
Sammy Au
Station Manager
Registered Consulting Arborist no. RCA#497 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/12/isa-hkchina-first-rca-in-asia.html)
Independent Practicing Arborist no. IPA-010908 (http://isahkchina.blogspot.com/2010/04/isa-hkchina-hk-tree-news-14410-report.html)
ISA Certified Arborist / Certified Tree Worker no. HK-0174AT (www.isa-arbor.com)
"If a tree is not designed, installed, maintained & inspected properly, it is likely to become a liability rather than an asset."
"Trees are good for the community. Trees need care like human beings. Arborists are the Tree Care Professionals."
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洋總裁倉皇辭廟 西九殘局怎收拾
一波未平一波又起，西九文化區管理局高層再有人事變動，繼前行政總監程少泉年前閃電辭職後，來自英國、上任僅五個月的行政總裁謝卓飛，昨日突然以健康理由請辭，令人愕然。謝卓飛突然劈炮，到底是真的健康有問題，還是另有隱情，不能不令人質疑。
想當初，當局大鑼大鼓展開全球招聘，好不容易才在眾多應徵者選中曾擔任倫敦巴比肯中心藝術總監的謝卓飛。而謝卓飛本人亦躊躇滿志，矢志將西九打造成世界級文化藝術中心，又揚言有信心將巴比肯中心的成功經驗帶到香港。詎料話音剛落，他自己就意興闌珊，無心戀戰，令人啼笑皆非。謝卓飛來也匆匆，去也匆匆，壯志未酬先劈炮，也未免太過兒戲了。
面對各方疑慮，身兼西九管理局主席的政務司司長唐英年僅透露，謝卓飛去年聖誕節前已通知管理局辭職決定，除此之外，他便以尊重私隱為由，拒絕公布更多詳情。
正因為當局閃爍其詞，諱莫如深，令事件更顯得撲朔迷離。有文化界人士透露，謝卓飛曾表示未能適應本港官僚制度及政治環境，反映官方干預太多，是西九先後有高層離職的結構性原因。亦有人揣測，謝卓飛來港後因文化差異而「水土不服」。
西九文化區作為港府十大建設項目之一，其行政總裁薪金豐厚，位高權重，說來就來，說走就走，實在不合常理。退一步說，就算謝卓飛真的因健康理由劈炮，如果當局在招聘過程中能對應聘者作更全面考慮，例如加入健康因素，又何至於出現今天這種尷尬局面？
事件真相到底如何，外界無從判斷，但西九管理局官僚習氣嚴重卻是不爭的事實。○九年，程少泉獲委任為西九行政總監，但上任僅七天便因為「個人理由」辭職。當時外界盛傳，程少泉一向於私人機構任職，不慣在公營機構被綁手綁腳，不得不黯然離去。難怪有人批評，公營機構暮氣沉沉，掣肘多多，一個再優秀的人才，跌入這個官僚大醬缸內，也難有用武之地。事實上，去年謝卓飛獲委任行政總裁時，本報就已預言，他與西九管理層的磨合將是一個難題，結果不幸而言中。
至於謝卓飛被指在文化上「水土不服」，亦是意料中事。當初外界對謝卓飛的最大質疑是，他雖然有管理大型國際藝術中心的經驗，具一定國際視野，但對本港文化一無所知，很難帶動香港民間文化藝術的發展；何況謝卓飛在倫敦的經驗毀譽參半，是否堪當重任，不無疑問。只可惜當局一味迷信洋人，以為外來和尚會唸經，結果經還沒開始唸，外來和尚卻跑掉了。
事實證明，橘越淮而枳，「過江龍」未必一定勝過「本地薑」。大家只要看看，本港不少機構重金禮聘外國人掛帥，表現往往不外如是，昂坪纜車聘用澳洲公司管理，醫管局聘請外國人做行政總裁，無不搞得亂七八糟，最後還是要由本地人收拾殘局。不管怎麼說，當局必須從今次事件吸取教訓，打破「外來和尚會唸經」的迷思，物色一個真正認識香港文化、對香港有歸屬感的人才管理西九。
鐵打的衙門流水的官，人事更替不奇怪，怪的是西九大計十畫還沒一撇，就已接連出現高層辭官歸故里的鬧劇，所謂打造世界級文化藝術中心，不知從何說起。
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